Abstract
Effects of glucose, ammonium ions and phosphate on avilamycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces viridochromogenes AS4.126 were investigated. Twenty grams per liter of glucose, 10 mmol/L ammonium ions, and 10 mmol/L phosphate in the basal medium stimulated avilamycin biosynthesis. When the concentrations of glucose, ammonium ions, and phosphate in the basal medium exceeded 20 g/L, 10 mmol/L, and 10 mmol/L, respectively, avilamycin biosynthesis greatly decreased. When 20 g/L glucose was added at 32 h, avilamycin yield decreased by 70.2%. Avilamycin biosynthesis hardly continued when 2-deoxy-glucose was added into the basal medium at 32 h. There was little influence on avilamycin biosynthesis with the addition of the 3-methyl-glucose (20 g/L) at 32 h. In the presence of excess (NH4)2SO4 (20 mmol/L), the activities of valine dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were depressed 47.7 and 58.3%, respectively, of that of the control at 48 h. The activity of succinate dehydrogenase increased 49.5% compared to the control at 48 h. The intracellular adenosine triphosphate level and 6-phosphate glucose content of S. viridochromogenes were 128 and 129%, respectively, of that of the control at 48 h, with the addition of the 40 mmol/L of KH2PO4. As a result, high concentrations of glucose, ammonium ions, and inorganic phosphate all led to the absence of the precursors for avilamycin biosynthesis and affected antibiotic synthesis.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Buzzetti F, Eisenberg F, Grant HN et al (1968) Avilamycin. Experientia 24:320–324
Cao FX (2003) The technology of the secondary production and secondary metabolism. National University of Defense Technology Press, Beijing, China
Chauvin CM, Gicquel BA, Perrin GF et al (2005) Use of avilamycin for growth promotion and avilamycin-resistance among Enterococcus faecium from broilers in a matched case-control study in France. Prev Vet Med 70:155–163
Chen GB, Zhang JY, Niu JY et al (2003) Studies on regulation of antibiotic AGPM biosynthesis. Chem J Chin Univ 17:521–525
Chu J, Li YR (2002) Modern industrial fermentation regulation. Chemical Industry Press, Beijing, China
Du LX, Lu FP (1992) Industrial microbiology experiment technique. Tianjin Science and Technology Press, Tianjin, China
Fabrizio B, Srdjan J, Marina F et al (2004) Valine influences production and complex composition of glycopeptide antibiotic A40926 in fermentations of Nonomuraea sp. ATCC 39727. J Antibiot 57:37–44
Gaisser S, Trefzer A, Sigrid S et al (1997) Cloning of an avilamycin biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces viridochromogenes Tü57. J Bacteriol 179:6271–6278
Hofmann C, Boll R, Heitmann B et al (2005) Genes encoding enzymes responsible for biosynthesis of L-Lyxose and attachment of Eurekanate during avilamycin biosynthesis. Chem Biol 12:1137–1143
Hulya AK, Tarhan L (2006) Vancomycin antibiotic production and TCA-glyoxalate pathways depending on the glucose concentration in Amycolatopsis orientalis. Enzyme Microb Technol 38:727–734
Hyun CG, Kim SS, Park KH et al (2000) Valine dehydrogenase from Streptomyces albus: gene cloning, heterologous expression and identification of active site by site-directed mutagenesis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 182:29–34
Irschik H, Reichenbach H (1985) An unusual pattern of carbonhydrate utilization in corallococcus (Myxococcus) coralloides (Myxobacterales). Arch Microbiol 142:40
Juan FM (2004) Phosphate control of the biosynthesis of antibiotics and other secondary metabolites is mediated by the PhoR–PhoP system: an unfinished story. J Bacteriol 186:5197–5201
Juan FM, Arnold LD (1980) Control of antibiotic biosynthesis. Microbiol Rev 44:230–251
Keqian Y, Lei H, Leo CV (1995) Regulation of jadomycin B production in Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230: involvement of a repressor gene, jadR2. J Bacteriol 177:6111–6117
Kuby SA, Noltmann EA (1966) Methods in enzymology, vol 9. Academic, New York, pp 116–125
Lebrihi A, Lamsaif D, Lefebvre G et al (1992) Effect of ammonium ions on spiramycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces ambofaciens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 37:382–387
Levine S, Gregory C, Nguyen T et al (2002) Bioenergetic adaptation of individual human diaphragmatic myofibers to severe COPD. J Appl Physiol 92:1205–1213
Li T, Zhang YX, Hutechinson CR (1994) Amino acid catabolism and antibiotic synthesis: valine is a source of precursors for macrolide biosynthesis in Streptomyces ambofaciens and Streptomyces fradiae. J Bacteriol 176:6107–6119
Lounes A, Lebrihi A, Benslimane C et al (1995) Regulation of valine catabolism by ammonium in Streptomyces ambofaciens, producer of spiramycin. Can J Microbiol 41:800–808
Lounes A, Lebrihi A, Benslimane C et al (1996) Regulation of spiramycin synthesis in Streptomyces ambofaciens: effects of glucose and inorganic phosphate. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 45:204–211
Mardy N, Sprinkmeyer R (1979) Regulation of tylosin synthesis in Streptomeces: effect of glucose analogs and inorganic phosphate. Eur J Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 7:365–370
Mosbacher G, Bechthold A, Schulz E (2005) Structure and function of the antibiotic resistance-mediating Methyltransferase AviRb from Streptomyces viridochromogenes. J Mol Biol 345:535–545
Nigel D, John A (1989) Purification and catalytic properties of L-valine dehydrogenase from Streptomyces cinnamonensis. Biochem J 261:853–861
Noriteru M, Kenji I, Koichi O et al (2004) Exposure to pressure stimulus enhances succinate dehydrogenase activity in L6 myoblasts. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metabol Gastrointest Physiol 287:1064–1069
Novak J, Hajek P, Rezanka T et al (1992) Nitrogen regulation of fatty acids and avermectins biosynthesis in Streptomyces avermitilis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 93:57–61
Omura S, Tsuzuki KY, Tanaka H et al (1983) Valine as a precursor of the n-butyrate unit in the biosynthesis of macrolide aglycones. J Antibiot 36:614–616
Omura S, Tanaka Y, Mamada R et al (1984a) Effect of ammonium ion, inorganic phosphate and amino acids on the biosynthesis of protylonolide, a precursor of tylosin aglycone. J Antibiot 37:494–502
Omura S, Tanaka Y, Mamada R et al (1984b) Ammonium ion suppress the amino acid metabolism involved in the biosynthesis of protylonolide in a mutant of Streptomyces fradiae. J Antibiot 37:1362–1369
Orduna RM, Theobald U (2000) Intracellular glucose 6-phosphate content in Streptomyces coelicolor upon environmental changes in a defined medium. J Biotechnol 77:209–218
Saier MH Jr (1998) Multiple mechanisms controlling carbon metabolism in bacteria. Biotechnol Bioeng 58:170–174
Shikha D, Rup L, Manjit H et al (2005) Effect of antibiotics on growth and laccase production from Cyathus bulleri and Pycnoporus cinnabarinus. Bioresour Technol 96:1415–1418
Treede I, Hauser G, Mühlenweg A et al (2005) Genes involved in formation and attachment of a two-carbon chain as a component of Eurekanate, a branched-chain sugar moiety of avilamycin A. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:400–406
Wang JY, Zhu SK, Xu ZF (2002) Biochemistry, 3rd edn. Higher Education Press, Beijing, China
Wang P, Zhu YP, Chu J et al (2005) Regulatory effects of ammonium ions on the biosynthesis of meilingmycin. Acta Microbiol Sin 45:405–409
Weitnauer G, Gaisser S, Trefzer A et al (2001a) An ATP-binding cassette transporter and two rRNA methyltransferases are involved in resistance to avilamycin in the producer organism Streptomyces viridochromogenes Tü57. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45:690–695
Weitnauer G, Mühlenweg A, Trefzer A et al (2001b) Biosynthesis of the orthosomycin antibiotic avilamycin A: deductions from the molecular analysis of the avi biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces viridochromogenes Tü57 and production of new antibiotics. Chem Biol 8:569–581
Weitnauer G, Gaisser S, Kellenberger L et al (2002) Analysis of a C-methyltransferase gene (aviG1) involved in avilamycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces viridochromogenes Tü57 and complementation of a Saccharopolyspora erythraea eryBIII mutant by aviG1. Microbiology 148:373–379
Wright ED (1979) The orthosomycins, a new family of antibiotics. Tetrahedron 35:1207–1236
Xu CD, Yi WY, Quan WH (1998) Approach of phenol-hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia. J Wuxi Univ Light Ind 17:34–38
Yuan YS, Zhu WH, Chen JH (1995) Biochemical experiments. Advanced Education Press, Beijing, China
Zhang XY (2000) The determination of avilamycin premix. J China Vet 35:21–23
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhu, Ch., Lu, Fp., He, Yn. et al. Regulation of avilamycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces viridochromogenes: effects of glucose, ammonium ion, and inorganic phosphate. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 73, 1031–1038 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-006-0572-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-006-0572-6