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Chicken CD1 genes are located in the MHC: CD1 and endothelial protein C receptor genes constitute a distinct subfamily of class-I-like genes that predates the emergence of mammals

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Abstract

Mammals have several major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I-like genes. Although some of them are assumed to have originated before the emergence of mammals, the origin of class-I-like genes is poorly understood. We analyzed here the recently released chicken draft genome sequence and identified two families of class-I-like genes: CD1 and PROCR (the gene for the endothelial protein C receptor). Chickens have two CD1 genes, designated CD1.1 and CD1.2, located in tandem ∼840 bp apart from each other. Chicken CD1.1 and CD1.2 are neither group 1- nor group 2-like, indicating that the two groups of CD1 emerged in a mammalian lineage. Although the database provides no information as to their chromosomal localization, we found that chicken CD1 genes are located adjacent to the previously characterized MHC B system contig on chromosome 16. We confirmed the linkage of CD1 to the B system by dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization. Chickens have a single copy of PROCR. Among known class-I-like genes, PROCR is most closely related to CD1, indicating that CD1 and PROCR constitute a distinct subfamily of class-I-like genes that predates the emergence of mammals.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Nagata, Ms. Kuno, and Ms. Muraguchi for technical assistance. This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; Uehara Memorial Foundation; and The Naito Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Division of Pathophysiological Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15 West-7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan

    Takako Maruoka & Masanori Kasahara

  2. Department of Biosystems Science, School of Advanced Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Hayama, 240-0193, Japan

    Takako Maruoka, Hideyuki Tanabe, Marin Chiba & Masanori Kasahara

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  1. Takako Maruoka
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  2. Hideyuki Tanabe
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  3. Marin Chiba
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  4. Masanori Kasahara
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Correspondence to Masanori Kasahara.

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Sequence data reported in this paper have been submitted to the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession numbers AB204797–AB204802, AB205394, and AB205528

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Fig. S6

Supplementary figure Kyte and Doolittle hydropathy plot analysis was conducted using the α1 and α2 domain sequences of the indicated MHC class I proteins. BF-IV (accession number P15979), CD1.1, and CD1.2 are chicken class I sequences. The accession numbers of the remaining sequences, all derived from human, were as follows: HLA-A2, P01892; CD1A, AAA51931.1; CD1B, P29016; CD1C, P29017; CD1D, P15813; and CD1E, NP_112155.1

251_2005_16_MOESM1_ESM.gif

Supplementary figure Kyte and Doolittle hydropathy plot analysis was conducted using the α1 and α2 domain sequences of the indicated MHC class I proteins. BF-IV (accession number P15979), CD1.1, and CD1.2 are chicken class I sequences. The accession numbers of the remaining sequences, all derived from human, were as follows: HLA-A2, P01892; CD1A, AAA51931.1; CD1B, P29016; CD1C, P29017; CD1D, P15813; and CD1E, NP_112155.1 (GIF 90 kb)

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Maruoka, T., Tanabe, H., Chiba, M. et al. Chicken CD1 genes are located in the MHC: CD1 and endothelial protein C receptor genes constitute a distinct subfamily of class-I-like genes that predates the emergence of mammals. Immunogenetics 57, 590–600 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-005-0016-y

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