Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Changes in the Potential Activity of Nitrite Reducers and the Microbial Community Structure After Sediment Dredging and Plant Removal in the Empuriabrava FWS-CW

  • Environmental Microbiology
  • Published:
Microbial Ecology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In constructed wetlands (CW), denitrification usually accounts for > 60% of nitrogen removal and is supposedly affected by wetland management practices, such as dredging (and plant removal). These practices cause an impact in sediment properties and microbial communities living therein. We have quantified the effects of a sediment dredging event on dissimilatory nitrite reduction by analysing the structure and activities of the microbial community before and after the event. Potential rates for nitrate reduction to ammonia and denitrification were in accordance with changes in the physicochemical conditions. Denitrification was the predominant pathway for nitrite removal (> 60%) and eventually led to the complete removal of nitrate. On the contrary, dissimilatory nitrite reduction to ammonia (DNRA) increased from 5 to 18% after the dredging event. Both actual activities and abundances of 16S rRNA, nirK and nirS significantly decreased after sediment dredging. However, genetic potential for denitrification (qnirS + qnirK/q16S rRNA) remained unchanged. Analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed the importance of vegetation in shaping microbial community structures, selecting specific phylotypes potentially contributing to the nitrogen cycle. Overall, we confirmed that sediment dredging and vegetation removal exerted a measurable effect on the microbial community, but not on potential nitrite + nitrate removal rates. According to redundancy analysis, nitrate concentration and pH were the main variables affecting sediment microbial communities in the Empuriabrava CWs. Our results highlight a high recovery of the functionality of an ecosystem service after a severe intervention and point to metabolic redundancy of denitrifiers. We are confident these results will be taken into account in future management strategies in CWs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Vymazal J (2007) Removal of nutrients in various types of constructed wetlands. Sci Total Environ 380:48–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.09.014

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Tiedje JM (1988) Ecology of denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium. Environ Microbiol Anaerobes 717:179–244

    Google Scholar 

  3. Zumft WG (1997) Cell biology and molecular basis of denitrification. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 61:533–582

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Burgin AJ, Hamilton SK (2007) Have we overemphasized the role of denitrification in aquatic ecosystems? A review of nitrate removal pathways. Front Ecol Environ 5:89–96. https://doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[89:HWOTRO]2.0.CO;2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Koop-Jakobsen K, Giblin AE (2010) The effect of increased nitrate loading on nitrate reduction via denitrification and DNRA in salt marsh sediments. Limnol Oceanogr 55:789–802. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.55.2.0789

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. García-Lledó A, Ruiz-rueda O, Vilar-Sanz A et al (2011) Nitrogen removal efficiencies in a free water surface constructed wetland in relation to plant coverage. Ecol Eng 37:678–684

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. van Oostrom AJ, Russell JM (1994) Denitrification in constructed wastewater wetlands receiving high concentrations of nitrate. Water Sci Technol 29:7–14

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Scott JT, McCarthy MJ, Gardner WS, Doyle RD (2008) Denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, and nitrogen fixation along a nitrate concentration gradient in a created freshwater wetland. Biogeochemistry 87:99–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-007-9171-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Wenk CB, Blees J, Zopfi J, Veronesi M, Bourbonnais A, Schubert CJ, Niemann H, Lehmann MF (2013) Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria and sulfide-dependent denitrifiers coexist in the water column of a meromictic south-alpine lake. Limnol Oceanogr 58:1–12. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2013.58.1.0001

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kim H, Bae H-S, Reddy KR, Ogram A (2016) Distributions, abundances and activities of microbes associated with the nitrogen cycle in riparian and stream sediments of a river tributary. Water Res 106:51–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WATRES.2016.09.048

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Lee C, Fletcher TD, Sun G (2009) Nitrogen removal in constructed wetland systems. Eng Life Sci 9:11–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/elsc.200800049

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Jahangir MMR, Fenton O, Gill L, Müller C, Johnston P, Richards KG (2014) Carbon and nitrogen dynamics and greenhouse gases emissions in constructed wetlands: a review. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci Discuss 11:7615–7657. https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-7615-2014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Vymazal J (2011) Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment: five decades of experience. Environ Sci Technol 45:61–69. https://doi.org/10.1021/es101403q

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Giblin AE, Weston NB, Banta GT, Tucker J, Hopkinson CS (2010) The effects of salinity on nitrogen losses from an oligohaline estuarine sediment. Estuar Coasts 33:1054–1068. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-010-9280-7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Lin X, McKinley J, Resch CT, Kaluzny R, Lauber CL, Fredrickson J, Knight R, Konopka A (2012) Spatial and temporal dynamics of the microbial community in the Hanford unconfined aquifer. ISME J 6:1665–1676. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2012.26

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Stottmeister U, Wießner A, Kuschk P, Kappelmeyer U, Kästner M, Bederski O, Müller RA, Moormann H (2003) Effects of plants and microorganisms in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. Biotechnol Adv 22:93–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2003.08.010

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Truu M, Juhanson J, Truu J (2009) Microbial biomass, activity and community composition in constructed wetlands. Sci Total Environ 407:3958–3971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.11.036

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Ibekwe AM, Lyon SR, Leddy M, Jacobson-Meyers M (2007) Impact of plant density and microbial composition on water quality from a free water surface constructed wetland. J Appl Microbiol 102:921–936. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03181.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Srivastava JK, Chandra H, Kalra SJS, Mishra P, Khan H, Yadav P (2017) Plant–microbe interaction in aquatic system and their role in the management of water quality: a review. Appl Water Sci 7:1079–1090. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-016-0415-2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Shelef O, Gross A, Rachmilevitch S (2013) Role of plants in a constructed wetland: current and new perspectives. Water (Switzerland) 5:405–419. https://doi.org/10.3390/w5020405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Chen Y, Zhou W, Li Y, Zhang J, Zeng G, Huang A, Huang J (2014) Nitrite reductase genes as functional markers to investigate diversity of denitrifying bacteria during agricultural waste composting. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 98:4233–4243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-014-5514-0

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Fazzolari É, Nicolardot B, Germon JC (1998) Simultaneous effects of increasing levels of glucose and oxygen partial pressures on denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium in repacked soil cores. Eur J Soil Biol 34:47–52

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Nizzoli D, Carraro E, Nigro V, Viaroli P (2010) Effect of organic enrichment and thermal regime on denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) in hypolimnetic sediments of two lowland lakes. Water Res 44:2715–2724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.02.002

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Thullen JS, Sartoris JJ, Walton WE (2002) Effects of vegetation management in constructed wetland treatment cells on water quality and mosquito production. Ecol Eng 18:441–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(01)00105-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Griffiths BS, Philippot L (2013) Insights into the resistance and resilience of the soil microbial community. FEMS Microbiol Rev 37:112–129. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00343.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Ligi T, Oopkaup K, Truu M, Preem JK, Nõlvak H, Mitsch WJ, Mander Ü, Truu J (2014) Characterization of bacterial communities in soil and sediment of a created riverine wetland complex using high-throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Ecol Eng 72:56–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.09.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Smith JM, Ogram A (2008) Genetic and functional variation in denitrifier populations along a short-term restoration chronosequence. Appl Environ Microbiol 74:5615–5620. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00349-08

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Ruiz-Rueda O, Trias R, Garcia-gil LJ, Bañeras L (2007) Diversity of the nitrite reductase gene nirS in the sediment of a free-water surface constructed wetland. Int Microbiol 10:253–260. https://doi.org/10.2436/20.1501.01.34

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Ruiz-Rueda O, Hallin S, Bañeras L (2009) Structure and function of denitrifying and nitrifying bacterial communities in relation to the plant species in a constructed wetland. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 67:308–319. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00615.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Hallin S, Jones CM, Schloter M, Philippot L (2009) Relationship between N-cycling communities and ecosystem functioning in a 50-year-old fertilization experiment. ISME J 3:597–605. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2008.128

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Welsh A, Chee-Sanford JC, Connor LM, Löffler FE, Sanford RA (2014) Refined NrfA phylogeny improves PCR-based nrfA gene detection. Appl Environ Microbiol 80:2110–2119. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03443-13

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Humbert S, Zopfi J, Tarnawski S-E (2012) Abundance of anammox bacteria in different wetland soils. Environ Microbiol Rep 4:484–490. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-2229.2012.00347.x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Mardis ER (2008) Next-generation DNA sequencing methods. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 9:387–402. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genom.9.081307.164359

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Caporaso JG, Kuczynski J, Stombaugh J, Bittinger K, Bushman FD, Costello EK, Fierer N, Peña AG, Goodrich JK, Gordon JI, Huttley GA, Kelley ST, Knights D, Koenig JE, Ley RE, Lozupone CA, McDonald D, Muegge BD, Pirrung M, Reeder J, Sevinsky JR, Turnbaugh PJ, Walters WA, Widmann J, Yatsunenko T, Zaneveld J, Knight R (2010) QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data. Nat Methods 7:335–336. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.f.303

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Edgar RC (2016) UNOISE2: improved error-correction for Illumina 16S and ITS amplicon sequencing. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/081257

  36. Schloss PD (2008) Evaluating different approaches that test whether microbial communities have the same structure. ISME J 2:265–275. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2008.5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Clarke KR, Warwick RM (2001) Change in marine communities. An approach to statistical analysis and interpretation.2nd edn. Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth

    Google Scholar 

  38. Dufrene M, Legendre P (1997) Species assemblages and indicator species: the need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecol Monogr 67:345. https://doi.org/10.2307/2963459

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Zhang J, Liu B, Zhou X, Chu J, Li Y, Wang M (2015) Effects of emergent aquatic plants on abundance and community structure of ammonia-oxidising microorganisms. Ecol Eng 81:504–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECOLENG.2015.04.029

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Li Y, Wu B, Zhu G, Liu Y, Ng WJ, Appan A, Tan SK (2016) High-throughput pyrosequencing analysis of bacteria relevant to cometabolic and metabolic degradation of ibuprofen in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Sci Total Environ 562:604–613. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2016.04.020

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Van Der Zaan B, Smidt H, De Vos WM et al (2010) Stability of the total and functional microbial communities in river sediment mesocosms exposed to anthropogenic disturbances. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 74:72–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00931.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Jangid K, Williams MA, Franzluebbers AJ, Sanderlin JS, Reeves JH, Jenkins MB, Endale DM, Coleman DC, Whitman WB (2008) Relative impacts of land-use, management intensity and fertilization upon soil microbial community structure in agricultural systems. Soil Biol Biochem 40:2843–2853. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SOILBIO.2008.07.030

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Röske K, Sachse R, Scheerer C, Röske I (2012) Microbial diversity and composition of the sediment in the drinking water reservoir Saidenbach (Saxonia, Germany). Syst Appl Microbiol 35:35–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SYAPM.2011.09.002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Wang Y, Sheng H-F, He Y, Wu JY, Jiang YX, Tam NFY, Zhou HW (2012) Comparison of the levels of bacterial diversity in freshwater, intertidal wetland, and marine sediments by using millions of Illumina tags. Appl Environ Microbiol 78:8264–8271. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01821-12

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  45. Ansola G, Arroyo P, Sáenz de Miera LE (2014) Characterisation of the soil bacterial community structure and composition of natural and constructed wetlands. Sci Total Environ 473:63–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.125

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Zhou Z, Meng H, Liu Y, Gu JD, Li M (2017) Stratified bacterial and archaeal community in mangrove and intertidal wetland mudflats revealed by high throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Front Microbiol 8:2148. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02148

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. Andreote FD, Jiménez DJ, Chaves D, Dias ACF, Luvizotto DM, Dini-Andreote F, Fasanella CC, Lopez MV, Baena S, Taketani RG, de Melo IS (2012) The microbiome of Brazilian mangrove sediments as revealed by metagenomics. PLoS One 7:e38600. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038600

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Miao L, Liu Z (2018) Microbiome analysis and -omics studies of microbial denitrification processes in wastewater treatment: recent advances. Sci China Life Sci 61:753–761. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-017-9228-2

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Si Z, Song X, Wang Y, Cao X, Zhao Y, Wang B, Chen Y, Arefe A (2018) Intensified heterotrophic denitrification in constructed wetlands using four solid carbon sources: denitrification efficiency and bacterial community structure. Bioresour Technol 267:416–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2018.07.029

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Shoun H, Kano M, Baba I, Takaya N, Matsuo M (1998) Denitrification by actinomycetes and purification of dissimilatory nitrite reductase and azurin from Streptomyces thioluteus. J Bacteriol 180:4413–4415

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Rifaat HM, Márialigeti K, Kovács G (2000) Investigation on rhizoplane actinomycete communities of cattail (Typha angustifolia) from a Hungarian wetland. SUO 51:197–203

    Google Scholar 

  52. Duarte Pereira A, Dutra Leal C, França Dias M et al (2014) Effect of phenol on the nitrogen removal performance and microbial community structure and composition of an anammox reactor. Bioresour Technol 166:103–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.05.043

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Akaboci TRV, Gich F, Ruscalleda M, Balaguer MD, Colprim J (2018) Assessment of operational conditions towards mainstream partial nitritation-anammox stability at moderate to low temperature: reactor performance and bacterial community. Chem Eng J 350:192–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CEJ.2018.05.115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Tamaki H, Sekiguchi Y, Hanada S, Nakamura K, Nomura N, Matsumura M, Kamagata Y (2005) Comparative analysis of bacterial diversity in freshwater sediment of a shallow eutrophic lake by molecular and improved cultivation-based techniques. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:2162–2169. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.4.2162-2169.2005

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  55. Ishii S, Yamamoto M, Kikuchi M, Oshima K, Hattori M, Otsuka S, Senoo K (2009) Microbial populations responsive to denitrification-inducing conditions in rice paddy soil, as revealed by comparative 16S rRNA gene analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol 75:7070–7078. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01481-09

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  56. Hoffmann T, Frankenberg N, Marino M, Jahn D (1998) Ammonification in Bacillus subtilis utilizing dissimilatory nitrite reductase is dependent on resDE. J Bacteriol 180:186–189

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  57. Verbaendert I, Boon N, De Vos P, Heylen K (2011) Denitrification is a common feature among members of the genus Bacillus. Syst Appl Microbiol 34:385–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SYAPM.2011.02.003

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Jones CM, Hallin S (2010) Ecological and evolutionary factors underlying global and local assembly of denitrifier communities. ISME J 4:633–641. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2009.152

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Lindemann S, Zarnoch CB, Castignetti D, Hoellein TJ (2015) Effect of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and seasonality on nitrite reductase gene abundance (nirS, nirK, nrfA) in an urban estuary. Estuar Coasts 39:218–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-015-9989-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Penton CR, St Louis D, Pham A et al (2015) Denitrifying and diazotrophic community responses to artificial warming in permafrost and tallgrass prairie soils. Front Microbiol 6:746. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00746

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  61. Fierer N, Jackson RB (2006) The diversity and biogeography of soil bacterial communities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:626–631. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0507535103

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  62. Ligi T, Truu M, Truu J, Nõlvak H, Kaasik A, Mitsch WJ, Mander Ü (2014) Effects of soil chemical characteristics and water regime on denitrification genes (nirS, nirK, and nosZ) abundances in a created riverine wetland complex. Ecol Eng 72:47–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.07.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. García-Lledó A, Vilar-Sanz A, Trias R, Hallin S, Bañeras L (2011) Genetic potential for N2O emissions from the sediment of a free water surface constructed wetland. Water Res 45:5621–5632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.08.025

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Helen D, Kim H, Tytgat B, Anne W (2016) Highly diverse nirK genes comprise two major clades that harbour ammonium-producing denitrifiers. BMC Genomics 17:155. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-016-2465-0

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. Dong LF, Smith CJ, Papaspyrou S, Stott A, Osborn AM, Nedwell DB (2009) Changes in benthic denitrification, nitrate ammonification, and anammox process rates and nitrate and nitrite reductase gene abundances along an estuarine nutrient gradient (the Colne estuary, United Kingdom). Appl Environ Microbiol 75:3171–3179. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02511-08

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  66. Hernández-del Amo E, Menció A, Gich F, Mas-Pla J, Bañeras L (2018) Isotope and microbiome data provide complementary information to identify natural nitrate attenuation processes in groundwater. Sci Total Environ 613–614:579–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.018

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Friedl J, De Rosa D, Rowlings DW et al (2018) Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), not denitrification dominates nitrate reduction in subtropical pasture soils upon rewetting. Soil Biol Biochem 125:340–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SOILBIO.2018.07.024

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Rahman MM, Roberts KL, Warry F, Grace MR, Cook PLM (2019) Factors controlling dissimilatory nitrate reduction processes in constructed stormwater urban wetlands. Biogeochemistry 142:375–393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-019-00541-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Rütting T, Boeckx P, Müller C, Klemedtsson L (2011) Assessment of the importance of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium for the terrestrial nitrogen cycle. Biogeosciences 8:1779–1791. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1779-2011

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. McKew BA, Taylor JD, McGenity TJ, Underwood GJC (2011) Resistance and resilience of benthic biofilm communities from a temperate saltmarsh to desiccation and rewetting. ISME J 5:30–41. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2010.91

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Mohit V, Archambault P, Lovejoy C (2015) Resilience and adjustments of surface sediment bacterial communities in an enclosed shallow coastal lagoon, Magdalen Islands, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 91:fiv038. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiv038

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Lluís Sala Genoher (Consorci d’Aigües Costa Brava, www.ccbgi.org) and the personnel at the EDAR-Empuriabrava for providing field data and access to the sampling area. Ariadna Vilar-Sanz and Laia Mauricio are acknowledged for assisting in field work and initial processing of samples.

Funding

EHdA received a grant from the University of Girona (IF-UDG2013). This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry (CGL2009-08338/BOS) and the University of Girona (MPCUdG2016/121). IEA has been recognised as a consolidated research group by the Catalan Government (2017SGR-548).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Group of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institut d’Ecologia Aquàtica, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Edifici Aulari Comú -LEAR, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 40, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain

    Elena Hernández-del Amo, Sara Ramió-Pujol, Frederic Gich, Rosalia Trias & Lluís Bañeras

  2. GoodGut, Centre d’Empreses Giroemprèn, Parc Científic i Tecnològic UdG, Carrer Pic de Peguera, 11, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain

    Sara Ramió-Pujol

Authors
  1. Elena Hernández-del Amo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sara Ramió-Pujol
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Frederic Gich
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Rosalia Trias
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Lluís Bañeras
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors conceived and planned the experiments. EHdA, SRP and FG carried out the experiments. EHdA, FG, SRP, LB and RT assisted in field work. EHdA and SRP prepared the samples and performed chemical and kinetic determinations. EHdA, FG and RT conducted molecular work. EHdA, FG and LB contributed to the interpretation of the results. EHdA drafted the manuscript. All authors contributed to the discussion and review of the manuscript providing critical feedback. LB and FG approved the submission.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lluís Bañeras.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Electronic Supplementary Material

ESM 1

(DOCX 2047 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hernández-del Amo, E., Ramió-Pujol, S., Gich, F. et al. Changes in the Potential Activity of Nitrite Reducers and the Microbial Community Structure After Sediment Dredging and Plant Removal in the Empuriabrava FWS-CW. Microb Ecol 79, 588–603 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-019-01425-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-019-01425-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation