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Spatiotemporal Analysis of Bacterial Diversity in Sediments of Sundarbans Using Parallel 16S rRNA Gene Tag Sequencing

  • Environmental Microbiology
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Abstract

The influence of temporal and spatial variations on the microbial community composition was assessed in the unique coastal mangrove of Sundarbans using parallel 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. The total sediment DNA was extracted and subjected to the 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing, which resulted in 117 Mbp of data from three experimental stations. The taxonomic analysis of the pyrosequencing data was grouped into 24 different phyla. In general, Proteobacteria were the most dominant phyla with predominance of Deltaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria within the sediments. Besides Proteobacteria, there are a number of sequences affiliated to the following major phyla detected in all three stations in both the sampling seasons: Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Nitrospira, and Firmicutes. Further taxonomic analysis revealed abundance of micro-aerophilic and anaerobic microbial population in the surface layers, suggesting anaerobic nature of the sediments in Sundarbans. The results of this study add valuable information about the composition of microbial communities in Sundarbans mangrove and shed light on possible transformations promoted by bacterial communities in the sediments.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the instrument facility provided by UGC-CAS, DST–FIST, DBT-IPLS, World Bank, ICZM project in the Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, India. We acknowledge Mr. Tapas Paul, World Bank, for his continuous support and enthusiasm regarding our study in Sundarbans. The expenditure of this work and the research fellowships of P.B., S.N., A.B..., D.R., A.C., and R.P. were supported by the ICZM project, World Bank. A.G. was supported by Ramanujan Fellowship from the Department of Science and Technology, India (SR/S2/RJN-106/2012). The authors thank Ms. Anwesha Haldar, Department of Geography, University of Calcutta, for making a working map of the study sites in Sundarbans.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, University College of Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta, 700019, India

    Pijush Basak, Sudip Nag, Anish Bhattacharyya, Debojyoti Roy, Arpita Chakraborty, Sohan SenGupta, Rudradip Pattanayak, Dhrubajyoti Chattopadhyay & Maitree Bhattacharyya

  2. Roche Diagnostics India Pvt. Ltd., 4C, Akash Tower, 781 Anandapur, Calcutta, 700 107, India

    Niladri Shekhar Majumder

  3. Department of Biotechnology, University College of Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta, 700019, India

    Arunava Roy, Arghya Mukherjee & Dhrubajyoti Chattopadhyay

  4. Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Centenary Campus, P 1/12, C. I. T. Road, Scheme, VIIM, Calcutta, 700054, West Bengal, India

    Abhrajyoti Ghosh

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  1. Pijush Basak
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  11. Abhrajyoti Ghosh
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Correspondence to Abhrajyoti Ghosh, Dhrubajyoti Chattopadhyay or Maitree Bhattacharyya.

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Fig. S1

Mean nutrient concentrations [Ammonia (NH4 +), Silicate (SiO4 4−), Phosphate (PO4 3−), Nitrate (NO3 −), Nitrite (NO2 −), and sulfate (SO4 2−)] at the sampling stations during December 2011 (A) and July 2012 (B). (GIF 22 kb)

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Fig. S2

Principal Component Analysis of samples based on environmental parameters using PAST. Percentages of variation explained are indicated in each axis in parentheses. (GIF 6 kb)

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Basak, P., Majumder, N.S., Nag, S. et al. Spatiotemporal Analysis of Bacterial Diversity in Sediments of Sundarbans Using Parallel 16S rRNA Gene Tag Sequencing. Microb Ecol 69, 500–511 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-014-0498-y

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