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Yeast Diversity Associated with Invasive Dendroctonus valens Killing Pinus tabuliformis in China Using Culturing and Molecular Methods

  • Invertebrate Microbiology
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Abstract

Bark beetle-associated yeasts are much less studied than filamentous fungi, yet they are also considered to play important roles in beetle nutrition, detoxification, and chemical communication. The red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens, an invasive bark beetle introduced from North America, became one of the most destructive pests in China, having killed more than 10 million Pinus tabuliformis as well as other pine species. No investigation of yeasts associated with this bark beetle in its invaded ranges has been conducted so far. The aim of this study was to assess the diversity of yeast communities in different microhabitats and during different developmental stages of Den. valens in China using culturing and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) approaches and to compare the yeast flora between China and the USA. The yeast identity was confirmed by sequencing the D1/D2 domain of LSU ribosomal DNA (rDNA). In total, 21 species (13 ascomycetes and eight basidiomycetes) were detected by culturing method, and 12 species (11 ascomycetes and one basidiomycetes) were detected by molecular methods from China. The most frequent five species in China were Candida piceae (Ogataea clade), Cyberlindnera americana, Candida oregonensis (Metschnikowia clade), Candida nitratophila (Ogataea clade) and an undescribed Saccharomycopsis sp., detected by both methods. Seven species were exclusively detected by DGGE. Ca. oregonensis (Metschnikowia clade) was the most frequently detected species by DGGE method. Eight species (all were ascomycetes) from the USA were isolated; seven of those were also found in China. We found significant differences in yeast total abundance as well as community composition between different developmental stages and significant differences between the surface and the gut. The frass yeast community was more similar to that of Den. valens surface or larvae than to the community of the gut or adults. Possible functions of the yeast associates are discussed.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Forestry Bureaus of Shanxi for their assistance in field study, Prof. Nancy E. Gillette (Pacific Southwest Research Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, California, USA) for her collecting of beetles in the USA, Prof. Xing-Zhong Liu (State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Beijing, China) for his help in yeast isolation and culturing, Dr. Jiri Hulcr (School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Florida, USA) and five anonymous reviewers for their revision, editing and valuable comments, and suggestions. This work was funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB114105), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31110103903, 31222013, and 31170610).

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology (IOZ), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China

    Qiao-Zhe Lou, Min Lu & Jiang-Hua Sun

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Qiao-Zhe Lou

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Lou, QZ., Lu, M. & Sun, JH. Yeast Diversity Associated with Invasive Dendroctonus valens Killing Pinus tabuliformis in China Using Culturing and Molecular Methods. Microb Ecol 68, 397–415 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-014-0413-6

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