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Microbial Community Assembly and Succession on Lake Sturgeon Egg Surfaces as a Function of Simulated Spawning Stream Flow Rate

  • Microbiology of Aquatic Systems
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Abstract

We investigated microbial succession on lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) egg surfaces over the course of their incubation period as a function of simulated stream flow rate. The primary objective was to characterize the microbial community assembly during succession and to examine how simulated stream flow rate affect the successional process. Sturgeon eggs were reared under three flow regimes; high (0.55 m/s), low (0.18 m/s), and variable (0.35 and 0.11 m/s alternating 12 h intervals). Eggs were collected from each flow regime at different egg developmental stages. Microbial community DNA was extracted from egg surface and the communities were examined using 16S rRNA gene-based terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and 454 pyrosequencing. Analysis of these datasets using principal component analysis revealed that microbial communities were clustered by egg developmental stages (early, middle, and late) regardless of flow regimes. 454 pyrosequencing data suggested that 90–98 % of the microbial communities were composed of the phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes throughout succession. β-Protebacteria was more dominant in the early stage, Bacteroidetes became more dominant in the middle stage, and α-Proteobacteria became dominant in the late stage. A total of 360 genera and 5,826 OTUs at 97 % similarity cutoff were associated with the eggs. Midway through egg development, the egg-associated communities of the low flow regime had a higher diversity than those communities developed under high or variable flow regimes. Results show that microbial community turnover occurred during embryogenesis, and stream flow rate influenced the microbial succession processes on the sturgeon egg surfaces.

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge the hard work and dedication of our field crew and colleagues: Christin Davis, Patrick Forsythe, and Edward Baker contributed to experimental setup and implementation. We thank the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, the Great Lakes Fishery Trust, Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station, the Center for Water Sciences, Sustainable Michigan Environmental Program, and a USGS grant to TLM for providing funding for this project.

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Author notes

  1. James A. Crossman

    Present address: B.C. Hydro, 601 18th Street, Castlegar, BC, Canada

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, 6171 Biomedical and Physical Sciences, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA

    Masanori Fujimoto & Terence L. Marsh

  2. The Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA

    Masanori Fujimoto & Terence L. Marsh

  3. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA

    James A. Crossman & Kim T. Scribner

  4. Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA

    Kim T. Scribner

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  1. Masanori Fujimoto
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  2. James A. Crossman
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  4. Terence L. Marsh
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Terence L. Marsh.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Online Resource 1

Bray–Curtis dissimilarity table that summarized time and flow effect on the egg surface microbial communities (PDF 135 kb)

Online Resource 2

Examples of the association of certain microbial phylotypes with certain egg developmental stages. The dotted line (linear coefficient = −1.89, R 2 = 0.44), solid line (quadratic coefficient = −2.83, R 2 = 0.23), and breaking line (linear coefficient = 1.61, R 2 = 0.55) represent regression lines for PT3, PT7, and PT16, respectively. HhaI data were used for the analysis (PDF 169 kb)

Online Resource 3

Principle component loading plots displaying temporal distributions of 25 major microbial phylotypes (PT) associated with the egg surface. PC1 and PC2 account for 27.9 % and 13.6 % of the data variation, respectively. HhaI-digested TRFLP data were used for the analysis (PDF 114 kb)

Online Resource 4

Jaccard index tree constructed using OTUs at 97 % similarity cutoff (PDF 90 kb)

Online Resource 5

Complete listings of detected genera (PDF 469 kb)

Online Resource 6

Rarefaction analysis for pyrosequencing data (PDF 99 kb)

Online Resource 7

Water microbial community collected in a different year from the same stream (PDF 20.6 kb)

Online Resource 8

Ambient water temperature throughout the egg incubation periods. Solid line is a linear regression line for daily mean temperature (PDF 10 kb)

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Fujimoto, M., Crossman, J.A., Scribner, K.T. et al. Microbial Community Assembly and Succession on Lake Sturgeon Egg Surfaces as a Function of Simulated Spawning Stream Flow Rate. Microb Ecol 66, 500–511 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-013-0256-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-013-0256-6

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