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Intestinal Microbiota Diversity of the Flat Fish Solea senegalensis (Kaup, 1858) Following Probiotic Administration

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Abstract

Pleuronectiforms are an important group of fish, and one of their species, Solea senegalensis (Kaup 1858), has been extensively studied at different levels, although information about its intestinal microbiota and the effects of different factors on it is very scarce. Modern aquaculture industry demands strategies which help to maintain a microbiologically healthy environment and an environmentally friendly aquaculture. In this context, probiotics seem to offer an attractive alternative. The intake of probiotics could modify the composition of the intestinal microbiota, which is a key component in excluding potential invaders and maintaining health. The aim of this study was to evaluate by 16S rRNA gene analysis using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis the effect of administering fresh or lyophilized cells of Pdp11 on the intestinal microbiota of farmed Senegalese sole, using sodium alginate to facilitate the incorporation of bacterial cells to the feed. The results obtained showed that the composition of fish intestinal microbiota was affected when fish received a diet supplemented with sodium alginate and fresh or lyophilized probiotic cells. In all cases, the dominant bacterial groups belonged to γ-Proteobacteria and mainly the Vibrio species. The use of sodium alginate reduced the incidence of populations with <97% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity to uncultured microorganisms in the intestinal microbiota until non-detected limits. On the other hand, the supplementation of the diet with probiotics produced an increase of the predominant species related to Vibrio genus.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for the financial support of the Ministerio Español de Ciencia y Tecnología (AGL 2005-07454-CO2-O2 and AGL2008-05119-C02-02) and the Junta de Andalucía (AGR-1842). S. Tapia-Paniagua wishes to thank the Ministerio Español de Educación y Ciencia for an F.P.U. scholarship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Group of Prophylaxis and Biocontrol of Fish Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain

    Silvana Teresa Tapia-Paniagua, Mariana Chabrillón, Patricia Díaz-Rosales, Ma. Carmen Balebona & Miguel Angel Moriñigo

  2. Spanish Institute of Oceanography, C. O. Santander, Promontorio S. Martín s/n., Ap. 240, 39080, Santander, Spain

    Inés García de la Banda & Carmen Lobo

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  1. Silvana Teresa Tapia-Paniagua
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Correspondence to Miguel Angel Moriñigo.

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ESM Fig. 1

DGGE bacterial profile of fish fed with diets supplemented with 2 g kg−1 sodium alginate (diet II, lanes 1 to 5), with 109 fresh cells of Pdp11 g−1 of feed (diet III, lanes 6 to10), and with 109 lyophilized cells of Pdp11 g−1 of feed (diet IV, lanes 11 to 15). Bands related to Vibrio genus, A, B (probably V. harveyi), and C; band E related to Enterovibrio nigricans (JPEG 196 kb)

High Resolution Image (TIFF 1.81 mb)

ESM Fig. 2

DGGE bacterial profile of fish fed with a pellet diet Europa Elite LE2 (18% total lipids and 59% crude protein, Skretting, Spain) (diet I). This diet was used as the control. Bands related to Vibrio genus, A, B (probably V. harveyi), and C; band E related to Enterovibrio nigricans (JPEG 43 kb)

High Resolution Image (TIFF 592 kb)

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Tapia-Paniagua, S.T., Chabrillón, M., Díaz-Rosales, P. et al. Intestinal Microbiota Diversity of the Flat Fish Solea senegalensis (Kaup, 1858) Following Probiotic Administration. Microb Ecol 60, 310–319 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-010-9680-z

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