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4D Phase-Contrast Flow Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: Comprehensive Quantification and Visualization of Flow Dynamics in Atrial Septal Defect and Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

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Abstract

The case of an 8-year-old girl with atrial septal defect and associated anomalous pulmonary venous return is presented to illustrate the advantages of four dimensional flow (4D flow) over the current two dimensional flow (2D flow) in terms of time efficiency, easy planning, accurate and individual quantification of the blood sources contributing to the left-to-right shunting from one single acquisition, internal validation of flow measurement accuracy, possibility of reanalysis without rescanning in case of unexpected findings during the postprocessing, and comprehensive understanding of flow insight by use of particle tracing visualization.

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Acknowledgment

This work was supported by EuHeart, Virtual Physiological Human network of excellence (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 224495.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, The Rayne Institute, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK

    Israel Valverde, Tobias Schaeffter & Philipp Beerbaum

  2. Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Evelina Children Hospital, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

    Israel Valverde, John Simpson & Philipp Beerbaum

Authors
  1. Israel Valverde
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  2. John Simpson
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  3. Tobias Schaeffter
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  4. Philipp Beerbaum
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Israel Valverde.

Electronic supplementary material

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Title of data: Comprehensive 4D flow visualization in multishunt atrial septal defect (ASD). Description of the data: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance anatomy assessment of the secundum ASD and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return using 4D contrast-enhanced shaded-surface. 4D flow particle trace visualization showing the sources of left-to-right shunting at three different levels: (1) right upper pulmonary vein to the superior vena cava through the wall septal defect, (2) right lower pulmonary vein draining into the right atrium due to the malalignment of the interatrial septum, and (3) left atrium to the right atrium shunt through the ASD. (MOV 6804 kb)

Title of data: Flow shunt visual insight in 4D flow. Description of the data: 4D flow particle trace visualization showing the increased pulmonary flow quantified individually in Table 1. It allows a more intuitive understanding of the flow shunt physiology. (MOV 4689 kb)

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Valverde, I., Simpson, J., Schaeffter, T. et al. 4D Phase-Contrast Flow Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: Comprehensive Quantification and Visualization of Flow Dynamics in Atrial Septal Defect and Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return. Pediatr Cardiol 31, 1244–1248 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-010-9782-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-010-9782-x

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