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Pulmonary Inflammation and Cell Death in Mice After Acute Exposure to Air Particulate Matter From an Industrial Region of Buenos Aires

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Abstract

Epidemiological studies have shown that air particulate matter (PM) can increase respiratory morbidity and mortality being the lungs the main target organ to PM body entrance. Even more, several in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that air PM has a wide toxicity spectra depending among other parameters, on its size, morphology, and chemical composition. The Reconquista River is the second most polluted river from Buenos Aires, and people living around its basin are constantly exposed to its contaminated water, soil and air. However, the air PM from the Reconquista River (RR-PMa) has not been characterized, and its biological impact on lung has yet not been assessed. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to study (1) RR-PMa morphochemical characteristic and (2) RR-PMa lung acute effects after intranasal instillation exposure through the analysis of three end points: oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. A single acute exposure of RR-PMa (1 mg/kg body weight) after 24 h caused significant (p < 0.05) enrichment in bronchoalveolar total cell number and polymorphonuclear (PNM) fraction, superoxide anion generation, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, and induction of apoptosis. It was also observed that in lung homogenates, none of the antioxidant enzymes assayed showed differences between exposed RR-PMa and control mice. These data demonstrate that air PM from the Reconquista River induce lung oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death therefore represents a potential hazard to human health.

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Acknowledgments

We especially thank Gisela Maxia for technical assistance with SEM and EDX and Paulo H. Saldiva for kindly providing the collector sampler. This study was supported by the Agencia de Promoción Científica y Técnica from Argentina (Grant No. PICT-2010-1660).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Science and Technology, National University of General San Martín, Martín de Irigoyen 3100 (1653), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    F. Astort, M. Sittner, S. A. Ferraro, N. S. Orona, G. A. Maglione, A. De la Hoz & D. R. Tasat

  2. Committee for Scientific Research, Calle 526 entre 10 y 11 (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    S. A. Ferraro & N. S. Orona

  3. School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, MT de Alvear 2142, (C1122AAH), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    D. R. Tasat

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  1. F. Astort
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  2. M. Sittner
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  3. S. A. Ferraro
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  4. N. S. Orona
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  5. G. A. Maglione
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  6. A. De la Hoz
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Correspondence to F. Astort.

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Astort, F., Sittner, M., Ferraro, S.A. et al. Pulmonary Inflammation and Cell Death in Mice After Acute Exposure to Air Particulate Matter From an Industrial Region of Buenos Aires. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 67, 87–96 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-013-9975-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-013-9975-4

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