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Laminar convective heat transfer of non-Newtonian nanofluids with constant wall temperature

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Abstract

Nanofluids are obtained by dispersing homogeneously nanoparticles into a base fluid. Nanofluids often exhibit higher heat transfer rate in comparison with the base fluid. In the present study, forced convection heat transfer under laminar flow conditions was investigated experimentally for three types of non-Newtonian nanofluids in a circular tube with constant wall temperature. CMC solution was used as the base fluid and γ-Al2O3, TiO2 and CuO nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed to create nanodispersions of different concentrations. Nanofluids as well as the base fluid show shear thinning (pseudoplastic) rheological behavior. Results show that the presence of nanoparticles increases the convective heat transfer of the nanodispersions in comparison with the base fluid. The convective heat transfer enhancement is more significant when both the Peclet number and the nanoparticle concentration are increased. The increase in convective heat transfer is higher than the increase caused by the augmentation of the effective thermal conductivity.

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Abbreviations

A:

Heat transfer area (m2)

CP :

Heat capacity (kJ/kg K)

D:

Tube internal diameter (m)

h:

Heat transfer coefficient (W/m2 K)

hr :

Relative heat transfer coefficient (dimensionless)

k:

Thermal conductivity (W/m K)

K:

Consistency index (Pa sn)

L:

Tube length (m)

LMTD:

Log mean temperature difference (K)

n:

Power law index (dimensionless)

Nu:

Nusselt number (dimensionless)

Nur :

Relative Nusselt number (dimensionless)

Pe:

Peclet number (dimensionless)

Pr:

Prandtl number (dimensionless)

Re:

Reynolds number (dimensionless)

T:

Temperature (K)

u:

Fluid average velocity (m/s)

ϕ:

Particle volume concentration (dimensionless)

\( \dot{\gamma } \) :

Shear rate (1/s)

ρ:

Density (kg/m3)

τ:

Shear stress (Pa)

b:

Bulk

bf:

Base fluid

nf:

Nanofluid

p:

Particle

w:

Wall

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Acknowledgments

Financial assistance of the Petrochemical Research and Technology Company in I. R. Iran is gratefully acknowledged.

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Author notes

  1. M. Hojjat

    Present address: Chemical Engineering Department, Islamic Azad University, Quchan Branch, Quchan, Iran

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran

    M. Hojjat, S. Gh. Etemad & R. Bagheri

  2. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada

    J. Thibault

Authors
  1. M. Hojjat
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  2. S. Gh. Etemad
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  3. R. Bagheri
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  4. J. Thibault
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Correspondence to S. Gh. Etemad.

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Hojjat, M., Etemad, S.G., Bagheri, R. et al. Laminar convective heat transfer of non-Newtonian nanofluids with constant wall temperature. Heat Mass Transfer 47, 203–209 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-010-0710-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-010-0710-7

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