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Experimental study on turbulent convective heat transfer of water-based nanofluids containing alumina, copper oxides and silicon carbide nanoparticles

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Abstract

Nanofluids are obtained by suspending metallic or non-metallic nanoparticles in conventional base liquids and can be employed to increase heat transfer rate in various applications. In this study, the effects of adding three types of nanofluids on turbulent convective heat transfer at the entrance region of a constant wall heat flux tube were experimentally studied. The nanofluids were mixtures of aluminium oxide, copper oxide, and silicon carbide at various nanoparticle volume fractions ranging from 0.0002 to 0.002 in water. The convective heat transfer coefficient was measured at different Reynolds numbers of 10,000–50,000. At these concentrations and Reynolds numbers, a maximum of 11–18% of convection heat transfer coefficient was observed as compared to the base fluid, showing a 6–9% increase on average. In this study, it was observed that changes in the nanoparticle type had no considerable effect on heat transfer coefficient increase. According to the model proposed here, the dimensionless thickness of laminar sub-layer is specified as a functional equation of the volume fraction of nanoparticles for each material.

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Abbreviations

A :

Tube cross section area (m2)

C p :

Specific heat capacity (J kg−1 K−1)

D :

Tube diameter (m)

fi:

Friction factor (dimensionless)

h :

Heat transfer coefficient (W m−2 K−2)

k :

Thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1)

L :

Length of tube (m)

I :

Electric current (A)

m :

Mass flow rate (kg s−1)

Nu :

Nusselt number (dimensionless)

Pr :

Prandtl number (dimensionless)

Q :

Input energy (W)

q :

Heat flux (W m−2)

Re :

Reynolds number (dimensionless)

S :

Tube perimeter (m)

T :

Temperature (K)

u :

Mean velocity of fluid (m s−1)

V :

Electric potential difference (V)

X :

Axial distance from the entrance (m)

δ +v :

Dimensionless thickness of the laminar sublayer (dimensionless)

ΔS :

Thickness of tube (m)

μ :

Viscosity (kg m−1 s−1)

ρ :

Density (kg m−3)

ϕ :

Volume fraction (dimensionless)

b:

Bulk

bf:

Base fluid

nf:

Nanofluid

p:

Particle

th:

Thermocouple

v:

Laminar sublayer

w:

Wall

x:

Local length

RAAD:

Relative absolute average deviation

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their appreciation to the Petroleum University of Technology (PUT) for providing financial support for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

    Mohsen Motevasel & Ali Reza Solaimany Nazar

  2. Department of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Ahwaz, Iran

    Mohammad Jamialahmadi

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  1. Mohsen Motevasel
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  2. Ali Reza Solaimany Nazar
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  3. Mohammad Jamialahmadi
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Correspondence to Ali Reza Solaimany Nazar.

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Motevasel, M., Solaimany Nazar, A.R. & Jamialahmadi, M. Experimental study on turbulent convective heat transfer of water-based nanofluids containing alumina, copper oxides and silicon carbide nanoparticles. J Therm Anal Calorim 135, 133–143 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7314-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7314-8

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