Abstract
Priolepis (Gobiidae) is a genus of cryptobenthic fishes with a cosmopolitan distribution in tropical oceans. In the Atlantic, it is represented by P. ascensionis, P. dawsoni, P. hipoliti, and P. robinsi. With the exception of the latter, these species have their distribution limited by known biogeographic barriers signaling allopatric origins. In the present study, we used phylogenetic/phylogeographic approaches to uncover the evolutionary history of Priolepis in the Atlantic by testing three hypotheses: (i) The closure of the Tethyan Passage gave rise to a monophyletic Atlantic lineage; (ii) The formation of the Amazon Barrier divided the species into southwestern and northwestern Atlantic lineages; and (iii) Dispersal from Brazil across the Mid-Atlantic Barrier gave rise to the Santa Helena and Ascension Islands lineage. Neither hypothesis was refuted by our results. Phylogenies recovered the monophyly of the Atlantic Priolepis clade and its isolation from the Western Indian/Pacific Ocean ~ 16.9 million years ago. A few million years later (14-10 Mya), the emergence of the Amazon Barrier divided Priolepis into a southwestern and a northwestern ancestral. The closure of the Isthmus of Panama, as well as Pliocene and Pleistocene climatic variations, had an important influence on the formation of the different lineages within P. dawsoni, and P. hipoliti. During the Pleistocene, the occupation of the Vitoria-Trindade chain may have favored dispersal to the Mid-Atlantic islands, influencing the origin of P. ascensionis. Our results also highlight the great ability of P. dawsoni and P. hipoliti to maintain connectivity between remote areas and different habitats, a singular pattern among Brazilian cryptobenthic fishes.
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Availability of data and material
The sequences generated during the current study are available directly from the corresponding author and will be downloadable from Genbank after 08 December 2022.
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References
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Acknowledgements
This study was only possible due to the effort of many people, which we try to mention hereafter. We thank Ben Victor for giving tissues of P. dawsoni, DNA sequences and great ideas. We are also grateful to Carole Baldwin and the Smithsonian Institute for providing tissues and sequences of P. ascensionis. We would like to thank Ross Robertson, Luke Tornabene, Hudson Pinheiro, and Anderson Batista for their important contributions to this work. We greatly thank the two reviewers of this work, one anonymous, for providing invaluable comments, insights, corrections and suggestions. We are grateful to Thiony Simon (in memoriam), João L. Gasparini, Hudson T. Pinheiro, C.R. Pimentel, L.B. Xavier, A. Carvalho-Filho, Maurizélia de Britto (REBIO Atol das Rocas) for their support and assistance with fieldwork and collections. We thank Rebreather Clube do Brasil, Inner-Space Systems Corp., Liquivision Products, Inc., Atrasorb Absorvedores de CO2, Seasub, Águas Claras (Fernando de Noronha), Subaquática, and Piranha Dive Mfg. for diving support and logistics; the Abaeté crew for help and friendship on-board; TAMAR/ICMBio, ICMBio, IBAMA and the Brazilian Navy for logistics and permits. The professors and students of REGENEC were essential to the delineation of our methodology. All the molecular analyses were performed in the NGACB (UFES) and we are in debt to Juliana Justino for laboratory support.
Funding
This work was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico [grants 470725/2009–5, 405426/2012–7 and 302375/2020–1]; and by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES, Finance Code 001).
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Study conception and design: TLQ, JCJ, ACL. Sample Collection: RMM. Data analysis: TLQ, ACL. Writing – original draft: TLQ, RCA, JCJ. Writing—review and editing: all authors.
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All permits for sampling were obtained from Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) (SISBIO 12796–1).
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Quintão, T.L., Andrades, R., Macieira, R.M. et al. The evolutionary history of Priolepis (Gobiidae) in the Atlantic ocean. Mar Biol 169, 95 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-022-04082-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-022-04082-3