Abstract
Extreme reef environments have become useful natural laboratories to investigate physiological specificities of species chronically exposed to future-like climatic conditions. The lagoon of Bouraké in New Caledonia (21°56′56.16′′ S; 125°59′36.82′′ E) is one of the only reef environments studied where the three main climatic stressors predicted to most severely impact corals occur. In this lagoon, temperatures, seawater pHT and dissolved oxygen chronically fluctuate between extreme and close-to-normal values (17.5–33.85 °C, 7.23–7.92 pHT units and 1.87–7.24 mg O2 L−1, respectively). In March 2020, the endosymbiont functions (chl a, cell density and photosynthesis) and respiration rates were investigated in seven coral species from this lagoon and compared with those of corals from an adjacent reference site using hour-long incubations mimicking present-day and future conditions. Corals originating from Bouraké displayed significant differences in these variables compared to reference corals, but these differences were species-specific. Photosynthetic rates of Bouraké corals were all significantly lower than those of reference corals but were partially compensated by higher chlorophyll contents. Respiration rates of the Bouraké corals were either lower or comparable to those of reference corals. Conversely, photosynthesis and respiration rates of most studied species were similar regardless of the incubation conditions, which mimicked either present-day or future conditions. This study supports previous work indicating that no unique response can explain corals’ tolerance to sub-optimal conditions and that a variety of mechanisms will be at play for corals in a changing world.
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The datasets generated and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request
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Abbreviations
- Chl:
-
Chlorophyll
- Day R:
-
Day respiration
- DO:
-
Dissolved oxygen
- P:
-
Photosynthesis
- Pchl :
-
Photosynthesis per chlorophyll a
- Pg :
-
Gross photosynthesis
- PS :
-
Photosynthesis per surface area
- R/V:
-
Research vessel
- T:
-
Temperature
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Acknowledgements
We thank the whole crew on board of the Alis vessel to have enabled us to conduct this fieldwork. We thank the IRD of Nouméa for having provided facilities and the equipment necessary to conduct this study. We are grateful to Federica Maggioni for her help during fieldwork and for data sharing. We thank Saki Harii for his help throughout the reviewing and editing process of this article, and Kaleb Trunnell for English proofreading. The base data to drawn Figure 1 were collected from map tiles at www.georep.nc (©Georep contributors).
Funding
This work was partially funded by the LabEx-Corail (project SURF to F.H.), and the Ministère des Affaires étrangères et du développement international (MAEDI) Fonds Pacifique (project Super Coraux to R.R.-M.). Data were collected during the cruise SuperNatural 2 (https://doi.org/10.17600/18001102) onboard the R/V Alis (Flotte Océanographique Francaise).
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The study conception and design were performed by RRM. Material preparation and data collection were performed by JJ and CT, under the supervision of RRM and FH. Data analysis and writing of the first draft were performed by JJt. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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All corals were collected under permits issued by the Province Sud of New Caledonia (# 3413–2019)).
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Jacquemont, J., Houlbrèque, F., Tanvet, C. et al. Long-term exposure to an extreme environment induces species-specific responses in corals’ photosynthesis and respiration rates. Mar Biol 169, 82 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-022-04063-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-022-04063-6