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Unique combinations of coral host and algal symbiont genotypes reflect intraspecific variation in heat stress responses among colonies of the reef-building coral, Montipora digitata

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Abstract

High temperatures disrupt coral–algal symbioses in multiple ways, with negative impacts on the physiology of the coral host, the algal symbiont, and the combined holobiont. Most heat stress studies on hard corals have understandably focused on species trends based on the combined observation of multiple individuals to account for phenotypic plasticity among colonies. As the “average coral” continues to decline while sea temperatures rise, the outlier colonies that exhibit neutral or positive responses to heat stress are coming to represent larger proportions of marginal coral populations. These colonies are those most likely to guide the future trajectory of reef ecosystems, but their dynamics are often obscured by aggregate analyses. To directly measure and analyze intraspecific variation in heat stress responses within a natural coral population, we performed aquarium experiments on sixteen colonies of the structurally important branching coral Montipora digitata from Okinawa Island, Japan. We resolved host and symbiont genotypes, exposed replicate coral fragments to ambient or elevated temperature, and monitored stress-driven differences in host calcification, symbiont photochemistry, and colony mortality. Over the 6-month experiment, six colonies appeared to tolerate stress (exhibiting no major physiological changes), seven were sensitive to stress (exhibiting reduced growth), and three expired. Both host and symbiont genotype contributed to this variation. These results demonstrate the degree to which unique M. digitata holobionts may differentially respond to thermal stress in warming oceans and highlight the important role of intraspecific variation in shaping future reef assemblages.

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Acknowledgements

J.K. was supported by JGC-S Scholarship Foundation. J.E.P. was funded by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). V.D. was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Science and Technology (Taiwan, no. 104–2611- M-002 -020 -MY2). T.N. was supported by JST/JICA, SATREPS. This work was sponsored in part by a JSPS ‘Zuno-Junkan’ grant entitled “Studies on origin and maintenance of marine biodiversity and systematic conservation planning” to J.D.R.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan

    Javid Kavousi, James Davis Reimer & Takashi Nakamura

  2. Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, 29280, Plouzane, France

    Javid Kavousi

  3. Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan

    Vianney Denis

  4. Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan

    Victoria Sharp, James Davis Reimer & John Everett Parkinson

  5. Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, State College, PA, 16802, USA

    Victoria Sharp

  6. Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan

    James Davis Reimer & Takashi Nakamura

  7. Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development, Tokyo, Japan

    Takashi Nakamura

  8. Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA

    John Everett Parkinson

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  1. Javid Kavousi
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Kavousi, J., Denis, V., Sharp, V. et al. Unique combinations of coral host and algal symbiont genotypes reflect intraspecific variation in heat stress responses among colonies of the reef-building coral, Montipora digitata. Mar Biol 167, 23 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-019-3632-z

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