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New microfluidic paper-based analytical device for iron determination in urine samples

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Abstract

Iron is an important micronutrient involved in several mechanisms in the human body and can be an important biomarker. In this work, a simple and disposable microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) was developed for the quantification of iron in urine samples. The detection was based on the colorimetric reaction between iron(II) and bathophenanthroline and the reduction of iron(III) to iron(II) with hydroxylamine. The developed µPAD enabled iron determination in the range 0.07–1.2 mg/L, with a limit of detection of 20 µg/L and a limit of quantification of 65 µg/L, thus suitable for the expected values in human urine. Additionally, targeting urine samples, the potential interference of the samples color was overcome by incorporating a sample blank assessment for absorbance subtraction. Stability studies revealed that the device was stable for 15 days prior to usage and that the formed colored product was stable for scanning up to 3 h. The accuracy of the developed device was established by analyzing urine samples (#26) with the developed µPAD and with the atomic absorption spectrometry method; the relative deviation between the two sets of results was below 9.5%.

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Funding

This work was supported by National Funds from FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia through project UIDB/50016/2020. F.T.S.M. Ferreira received grant SFRH/BD/144962/2019 from FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005, Porto, Portugal

    Francisca T. S. M. Ferreira, Karina A. Catalão, Raquel B. R. Mesquita & António O. S. S. Rangel

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  1. Francisca T. S. M. Ferreira
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  2. Karina A. Catalão
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  3. Raquel B. R. Mesquita
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  4. António O. S. S. Rangel
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Contributions

Conceptualization—Raquel B. R. Mesquita. Methodology—Francisca T. S. M. Ferreira, Karina A. Catalão. Validation—Francisca T. S. M. Ferreira. Formal analysis—Karina A. Catalão, Francisca T. S. M. Ferreira. Investigation—Karina A. Catalão, Francisca T. S. M. Ferreira. Resources—António O. S. S. Rangel. Writing—original draft—Francisca T. S. M. Ferreira. Writing—review and editing—Raquel B. R. Mesquita, António O. S. S. Rangel. Project administration—Raquel B. R. Mesquita, António O. S. S. Rangel. Funding acquisition—António O. S. S. Rangel.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Raquel B. R. Mesquita.

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The urine samples involved in this work were blind in-house samples, with no identification nor any information required or register, obtained from voluntary participants with informed consent. There was no association with a clinical trial.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Ferreira, F.T.S.M., Catalão, K.A., Mesquita, R.B.R. et al. New microfluidic paper-based analytical device for iron determination in urine samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 413, 7463–7472 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03706-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03706-9

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