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Short-chained oligo(ethylene oxide)-functionalized gold nanoparticles: realization of significant protein resistance

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Abstract

Protein corona formed on nanomaterial surfaces play an important role in the bioavailability and cellular uptake of nanomaterials. Modification of surfaces with oligoethylene glycols (OEG) are a common way to improve the resistivity of nanomaterials to protein adsorption. Short-chain ethylene oxide (EO) oligomers have been shown to improve the protein resistance of planar Au surfaces. We describe the application of these EO oligomers for improved protein resistance of 30 nm spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Functionalized AuNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential measurements. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used for separation and quantitation of AuNPs and AuNP-protein mixtures. Specifically, nonequilibrium capillary electrophoresis of equilibrium mixtures (NECEEM) was employed for the determination of equilibrium and rate constants for binding between citrate-stabilized AuNPs and two model proteins, lysozyme and fibrinogen. Semi-quantitative CE analysis was carried out for mixtures of EO-functionalized AuNPs and proteins, and results demonstrated a 2.5-fold to 10-fold increase in protein binding resistance to lysozyme depending on the AuNP surface functionalization and a 15-fold increase in protein binding resistance to fibrinogen for both EO oligomers examined in this study.

Using capillary electrophoresis, the addition of short-chained oligo(ethylene oxide) ligands to gold nanoparticles was shown to improve protein binding resistance up to 15-fold.

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Notes

  1. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, and materials are identified in this paper to specify an experimental procedure as completely as possible. In no case does the identification of particular equipment or materials imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the materials, instruments, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose.

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Acknowledgements

KRR and CMS acknowledge funding and support from the National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program. ITW recognizes the support of the NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Program.

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This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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  1. Kathryn R. Riley and Christopher M. Sims contributed equally to this work

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA

    Kathryn R. Riley, Christopher M. Sims, Imani T. Wood, David J. Vanderah & Marlon L. Walker

  2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, 19081, USA

    Kathryn R. Riley

  3. University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 501 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA

    Imani T. Wood

  4. Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), Rockville, MD, 20850, USA

    David J. Vanderah

  5. Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA

    Marlon L. Walker

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Contributions

M. L. Walker and D. J. Vanderah conceived the initial project; I. T. Wood and M. L. Walker performed initial studies; K.R. Riley and C.M. Sims refined the project and contributed equally to essential experimentation and composition of the completed work.

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Correspondence to Kathryn R. Riley, Christopher M. Sims or Marlon L. Walker.

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Riley, K.R., Sims, C.M., Wood, I.T. et al. Short-chained oligo(ethylene oxide)-functionalized gold nanoparticles: realization of significant protein resistance. Anal Bioanal Chem 410, 145–154 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-017-0704-0

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