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Elucidating the role of select cytoplasmic proteins in altering diffusion of integrin receptors

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Abstract

Cytoplasmic proteins that affect integrin diffusion in the cell membrane are identified using a combination of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and RNA interference. Integrin receptors are essential for many cellular events, and alterations in lateral diffusion are one mechanism for modulating their function. In cells expressing native cytoplasmic protein concentrations and spread on a slide containing integrin extracellular ligand, 45 ± 2% of the integrin is mobile with a time-dependent 5.2 ± 0.9 × 10−9 cm2/s diffusion coefficient at 1 s. The time exponent is 0.90 ± 0.07, indicating integrin diffusion moderately slows at longer times. The role of a specific cytoplasmic protein in altering integrin diffusion is revealed through changes in the FRAP curve after reducing the cytoplasmic protein’s expression. Decreased expression of cytoplasmic proteins rhea, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), or steamer duck decreases the integrin mobile fraction. For rhea and FAK, there is a concomitant shift to Brownian (i.e., time-independent) diffusion at reduced concentrations of these proteins. In contrast, when the expression of actin 42A, dreadlocks, paxillin, integrin-linked kinase (ILK), or vinculin is reduced, integrin diffusion generally becomes more constrained with an increase in the integrin mobile fraction. This same change in integrin diffusion is measured in the absence of integrin extracellular ligand. The results indicate breaking the extracellular ligand–integrin–cytoskeletal linkage alters integrin diffusion properties, and, in most cases, there is no correlation between integrin and lipid diffusion properties.

Schematic of a cell membrane depicting the interaction of integrin receptors with cytoplasmic proteins. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching was used to measure diffusion properties of integrins before (black curve) and after (blue curve) reducing the expression of specific cytoplasmic proteins via RNA interference

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Acknowledgments

Support for this work was provided by National Science Foundation (CHE-0845236) and the Roy J. Carver Charitable Trust (Muscatine IA). The authors thank A. Miyawaki (Riken, Wako-city, Saitama, Japan) for the original Venus plasmid and Cory Lanker (Iowa State University, Department of Statistics) for help with the statistical analysis.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA

    Suzanne Sander, Neha Arora & Emily A. Smith

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  1. Suzanne Sander
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  2. Neha Arora
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  3. Emily A. Smith
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Correspondence to Emily A. Smith.

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Published in the special issue Young Investigators in Analytical and Bioanalytical Science with guest editors S. Daunert, J. Bettmer, T. Hasegawa, Q. Wang, and Y. Wei.

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Sander, S., Arora, N. & Smith, E.A. Elucidating the role of select cytoplasmic proteins in altering diffusion of integrin receptors. Anal Bioanal Chem 403, 2327–2337 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-5603-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-5603-1

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