Abstract
Undesired germination of cereal grains diminishes process utility and economic return. Pre-germination, the term used to describe untimely germination, leads to reduced viability of a grain sample. Accurate and rapid identification of non-viable grain is necessary to reduce losses associated with pre-germination. Viability of barley, wheat and sorghum grains was investigated with near-infrared hyperspectral imaging. Principal component analyses applied to cleaned hyperspectral images were able to differentiate between viable and non-viable classes in principal component (PC) five for barley and sorghum and in PC6 for wheat. An OH stretching and deformation combination mode (1,920–1,940 nm) featured in the loading line plots of these PCs; this water-based vibrational mode was a major contributor to the viable/non-viable differentiation. Viable and non-viable classes for partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were assigned from PC scores that correlated with incubation time. The PLS-DA predictions of the viable proportion correlated well with the viable proportion observed using the tetrazolium test. Partial least squares regression analysis could not be used as a source of contrast in the hyperspectral images due to sampling issues.
PCA score image for barley kernels
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Acknowledgements
Cereal samples were kindly provided by the Agricultural Research Council—Small Grain Institute, PANNAR and South African Breweries Malting. This project was funded by the Winter Cereal Trust (South Africa) and the Sorghum Trust (South Africa). Paulina Engelbrecht wishes to thank Food Bev SETA and Stellenbosch University for Master's bursaries. Cushla McGoverin acknowledges funding for postdoctoral research provided by the National Research Foundation (NRF), South Africa (Grant number 71390). The South African-Swedish Research Partnership Programme Bilateral Agreement, NRF, (UID 60958) is acknowledged for funding to work at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (VR. 348-2006-6715). In addition, Oskar Jonsson (Umbio AB, Umeå, Sweden) is thanked for the use of the SisuCHEMA imaging system and assistance with imaging.
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McGoverin, C.M., Engelbrecht, P., Geladi, P. et al. Characterisation of non-viable whole barley, wheat and sorghum grains using near-infrared hyperspectral data and chemometrics. Anal Bioanal Chem 401, 2283–2289 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-5291-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-5291-x