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MALDI tissue imaging: from biomarker discovery to clinical applications

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Abstract

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a powerful tool for the generation of multidimensional spatial expression maps of biomolecules directly from a tissue section. From a clinical proteomics perspective, this method correlates molecular detail to histopathological changes found in patient-derived tissues, enhancing the ability to identify candidates for disease biomarkers. The unbiased analysis and spatial mapping of a variety of molecules directly from clinical tissue sections can be achieved through this method. Conversely, targeted IMS, by the incorporation of laser-reactive molecular tags onto antibodies, aptamers, and other affinity molecules, enables analysis of specific molecules or a class of molecules. In addition to exploring tissue during biomarker discovery, the integration of MALDI-IMS methods into existing clinical pathology laboratory practices could prove beneficial to diagnostics. Querying tissue for the expression of specific biomarkers in a biopsy is a critical component in clinical decision-making and such markers are a major goal of translational research. An important challenge in cancer diagnostics will be to assay multiple parameters in a single slide when tissue quantities are limited. The development of multiplexed assays that maximize the yield of information from a small biopsy will help meet a critical challenge to current biomarker research. This review focuses on the use of MALDI-IMS in biomarker discovery and its potential as a clinical diagnostic tool with specific reference to our application of this technology to prostate cancer.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA

    Lisa H. Cazares, Richard R. Drake & O. John Semmes

  2. The Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA

    Lisa H. Cazares, Dean A. Troyer, Richard R. Drake & O. John Semmes

  3. Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA

    Binghe Wang

Authors
  1. Lisa H. Cazares
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  2. Dean A. Troyer
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  3. Binghe Wang
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  4. Richard R. Drake
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  5. O. John Semmes
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to O. John Semmes.

Additional information

Published in the special issue MALDI Imaging with Guest Editor Olivier Laprévote.

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Cazares, L.H., Troyer, D.A., Wang, B. et al. MALDI tissue imaging: from biomarker discovery to clinical applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 401, 17–27 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-5003-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-5003-6

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