Abstract
Detection and immediate quantification of microbial metabolic activities is of high interest in fields as diverse as biotechnology and infection biology. Interestingly, the most direct signals of microbial metabolism, the evolution of volatile metabolites, is largely ignored in the literature, and rather, metabolite concentrations in the microbial surrounding or even disruptive methods for intracellular metabolite measurements (i.e., metabolome analysis) are favored. Here, the development of a multi capillary column coupled ion mobility spectrometer (MCC-IMS) was described for the detection of volatile organic compounds from microbes and the MCC-IMS was used for characterization of metabolic activity of growing Escherichia coli. The MCC-IMS chromatogram of the microbial culture off-gas of the acetone-producing E. coli strain BL21 pLB4 revealed four analytes that positively correlated with growth, which were identified as ethanol, propanone (acetone), heptan-2-one, and nonan-2-one. The occurrence of these analytes was cross-validated by solid-phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis. With this information in hand, the dynamic relationship between the E. coli biomass concentration and the metabolite concentrations in the headspace was measured. The results suggest that the metabolic pathways of heptan-2-one and nonan-2-one synthesis are regulated independent of each other. It is shown that the MCC-IMS in-line off-gas analysis is a simple method for real-time detection of microbial metabolic activity and discussed its potential for application in metabolic engineering, bioprocess control, and health care.
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Acknowledgments
The financial support by the Ministerium für Innovation, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologies des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen and the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung is gratefully acknowledged. The authors acknowledge the excellent technical support provided by Luzia Seifert, the help of Chandrasekhara Hariharan with MCC-IMS measurements of reference substances, and the technical support for the GC-MS measurements and the fruitful discussions from Jürgen Nolte and Rita Fobbe.
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Maddula, S., Blank, L.M., Schmid, A. et al. Detection of volatile metabolites of Escherichia coli by multi capillary column coupled ion mobility spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 394, 791–800 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-009-2758-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-009-2758-0