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Development of a multipurpose ion source for LC-MS and GC-API MS

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Abstract

Over the past decade, multimode ion sources operating at atmospheric pressure (i.e., more than one ionization method is operative in the ion source enclosure) have received considerable interest. Simultaneous operation of different ionization methods targeting different compound classes within one analysis run has several advantages, including enhanced sample throughput and thus significant laboratory cost reductions. Potential drawbacks are enhanced ion suppression and other undesirable effects of the simultaneous operation of ionization methods. In this contribution we present an alternative approach—the development and characterization of a widely applicable, multipurpose ion source operating at atmospheric pressure. The optimized source geometry allows rapid changing from LC-API methods (ESI, APCI, APLI) to GC-API methods (APCI, APLI, DA-APLI) along with the appropriate coupling of chromatographic equipment required. In addition, true multimode operation of the source is demonstrated for LC-ESI/APLI and LC-APCI/APLI.

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Abbreviations

APCI:

atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization

APCILI:

combination of APCI and APLI

API:

atmospheric-pressure ionization

APLI:

atmospheric-pressure laser ionization

APPI:

atmospheric-pressure photoionization

CEC:

capillary electrochromatography

DA-APLI:

dopant-assisted atmospheric-pressure laser ionization

ESI:

electrospray ionization

ESI/APCI:

combination of ESI and APCI

ESILI:

combination of ESI and APLI

FT-ICR MS:

Fourier transform–ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

GC:

gas chromatography

HPLC:

high-pressure liquid chromatography

LC:

liquid chromatography

MPIS:

multipurpose atmospheric-pressure ionization source

(TOF)MS:

time-of-flight mass spectrometry

VUV:

vacuum ultraviolet

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Acknowledgement

The authors are grateful to Bruker Daltonik (Bremen, Germany) for financial support, to RESTEK (Bad Homburg, Germany) for the HPLC column and to Dr. Rupert Simon (European Commission, Institute for Reference Materials and Methods, Geel, Belgium) for the PAH mixture 1.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauss-Str. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany

    Ralf Schiewek, Siegmar Gäb & Oliver J. Schmitz

  2. Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauss-Str. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany

    Matthias Lorenz, Ronald Giese, Klaus Brockmann & Thorsten Benter

Authors
  1. Ralf Schiewek
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  2. Matthias Lorenz
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  3. Ronald Giese
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  4. Klaus Brockmann
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  5. Thorsten Benter
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  6. Siegmar Gäb
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  7. Oliver J. Schmitz
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Thorsten Benter or Oliver J. Schmitz.

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Schiewek, R., Lorenz, M., Giese, R. et al. Development of a multipurpose ion source for LC-MS and GC-API MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 392, 87–96 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-2255-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-2255-x

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