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Part per trillion determination of atrazine in natural water samples by a surface plasmon resonance immunosensor

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Abstract

A new immunoassay for continuously monitoring atrazine in water has been developed. It uses a portable biosensor platform based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology. This immunoassay is based on the binding inhibition format with purified polyclonal antibodies, with the analyte derivative covalently immobilized on a gold sensor surface. An alkanethiol self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was formed on the gold-coated sensor surface in order to obtain a reusable sensing surface. The low detection limit for the optimized assay, calculated as the concentration that produces a 10% decrease in the blank signal, is 20 ng/L. A complete assay cycle, including regeneration, is accomplished in 25 min. Additionally, a study of the matrix effects of different types of wastewater was performed. All measurements were carried out with the SPR sensor system (β-SPR) commercialised by the company Sensia, S.L. (Spain). The small size and low response time of the β-SPR platform would allow it to be used in real contaminated locations. The immunosensor was evaluated and validated by measuring the atrazine content of 26 natural samples collected from Ebro River. Solid-phase extraction followed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometric detection (SPE–GC–MS) was used to validate the new immunoassay.

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by the EU Project SWIFT WFD (Contract SSPI-CT-2003-502492) and the Ministry of Science and Technology (project number CTM2005-24255E) and (Contract number TEC20004-0121-E) and by the European Community (IST-2003-508774). The AMR group is a consolidated Grup de Recerca de la Generalitat de Catalunya and has support from the Departament d’Universitats, Recerca i Societat de la Informaciá la Generalitat de Catalunya (expedient 2005SGR 00207).

Marinella Farré thanks the Juan de la Cierva Program of the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, and Javier Ramón thanks the I3P program of the CSIC. This work reflects only the authors’ views, and the European Community is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. Thanks to Sensia, S.L. for their loan of the SPR instrument.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Chemistry, IIQAB-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain

    Marinella Farré, Elena Martínez, Alicia Navarro, Jelena Radjenovic & Damià Barceló

  2. Sensors and Biosensors Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain

    Marinella Farré

  3. Department of Biological Organic Chemistry, CSIC-IIQAB, C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain

    Javier Ramón & M. Pilar Marco

  4. Microelectronics National Centre CNM-CSIC, Isaac Newton, 8, 28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain

    Elba Mauriz & Laura Lechuga

Authors
  1. Marinella Farré
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  2. Elena Martínez
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  3. Javier Ramón
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  4. Alicia Navarro
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  6. Elba Mauriz
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  7. Laura Lechuga
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  9. Damià Barceló
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Damià Barceló.

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Farré, M., Martínez, E., Ramón, J. et al. Part per trillion determination of atrazine in natural water samples by a surface plasmon resonance immunosensor. Anal Bioanal Chem 388, 207–214 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1214-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1214-2

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