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Adsorption and self-assembly of aromatic carboxylic acids on Au/electrolyte interfaces

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Abstract

The adsorption and self-assembly of benzoic acid (BA), isophthalic acid (IA), and trimesic acid (TMA) on Au(111) single crystals and on Au(111-25 nm) quasi-single crystalline film electrodes have been investigated in 0.1 M HClO4 by combining in situ surface-enhanced infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) with cyclic voltammetry. All three acids are physisorbed on the electrode surface in a planar orientation at negative charge densities. Excursion to positive charge densities (or more positive potentials) causes an orientation change from planar to perpendicular. Chemisorbed structures are formed through the coordination of a deprotonated carboxyl group to the positively charged electrode surface. The three acid molecules assemble in different ordered patterns, which are controlled by π-stacking (BA) or intermolecular hydrogen bonds between COOH groups (IA, TMA). A detailed analysis of the potential and time dependencies of the ν(C=O), νs(OCO), and ν(C–OH) vibration modes shows that the strength of lateral interactions increases upon chemisorption with an increasing number of COOH groups in the sequence of BA<IA<TMA. The vibration bands shift to higher wavenumbers due to dipole–dipole coupling, Stark tuning, and electron back donation from the electrode to COO−. In addition, an “indirect” electron donation to the COOH groups takes place via the conjugated molecular skeleton superimposed on the intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

In-situ STM images of the physisorbed and chemisorbed adlayers of isophthalic acid on Au(111)-(1 × 1), the corresponding cyclic voltammogram and principle of the ATR-SEIRAS set-up

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Acknowledgements

The work was supported by the Volkswagen foundation under grant No. I80–879, IFMIT and the Research Center Jülich. The authors acknowledge the skilful help of U. Linke and of H. J. Bierfeld in preparing the gold single crystals and gold film electrodes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Bio-and Nanosystems (IBN-3) and Center of Nanoelectronic Systems for Information Technology (CNI), Research Center Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany

    Bo Han, Zhihai Li & Thomas Wandlowski

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  1. Bo Han
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  2. Zhihai Li
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  3. Thomas Wandlowski
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Correspondence to Thomas Wandlowski.

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Han, B., Li, Z. & Wandlowski, T. Adsorption and self-assembly of aromatic carboxylic acids on Au/electrolyte interfaces. Anal Bioanal Chem 388, 121–129 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1166-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1166-6

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