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Chemotaxonomical identification of spores of macrofungi: possibilities of Raman spectroscopy

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Abstract

Confocal Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive analytical method which is useful to obtain detailed information about the molecular composition of biological samples. Its high spatial resolution was used to collect spectra of single basidiospores of macrofungi of the genera Collybia, Gymnopus, Laccaria, Lactarius, Mycena and Russula. These spectra can be divided into three major taxon-related groups, with general compositional differences, such as the relative amount of lipids compared to proteins. In this study, collapsing of thin-walled spores during storage was often observed, a phenomenon which has been given little attention in the literature. The Raman spectra are treated with different chemometric preprocessing techniques, including Savitsky–Golay, standard normal variate (SNV) preprocessing and extended multiplicative scatter correction (EMSC). By using linear discriminant analysis, approximately 90% of the spectra can be assigned to the correct genus, but identification on the species level was not possible.

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Acknowledgements

The authors greatly acknowledge the financial support of the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen). Kris De Gussem, PhD fellow of the Research Foundation - Flanders, and Peter Vandenabeele, Postdoctoral fellow of the Research Foundation - Flanders, thank this organisation for their PhD and postdoctoral grants respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Gent, Belgium

    Kris De Gussem, Peter Vandenabeele & Luc Moens

  2. Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Gent, Belgium

    Annemieke Verbeken

Authors
  1. Kris De Gussem
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  2. Peter Vandenabeele
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  3. Annemieke Verbeken
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  4. Luc Moens
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Peter Vandenabeele.

Appendix: studied material

Appendix: studied material

Collybia dryophylla: Belgium, Wachtebeke, Heidebos, IFBL: C3.35.41, 1 Oct 2005, KDG 2005–37

Collybia dryophylla: ibid., KDG 2005–33

Collybia erythropus: ibid., KDG 2005–36

Collybia maculata: Belgium, Wingene, Vagevuurbossen, IFBL: C2.53.44, 20 Sep 2005, KDG 2005–22

Collybia peronata: Belgium, Wachtebeke, Heidebos, IFBL: C3.35.41, 1 Oct 2005, KDG 2005–30

Collybia peronata: ibid., KDG 2005–31

Collybia peronata: ibid., KDG 2005–32

Collybia peronata: Belgium, Merelbeke, Prov. domein Gentbos, IFBL: D3.43.13, 8 Oct 2005, KDG 2005–51

Gymnopus brassicolens: Belgium, Wachtebeke, Heidebos, IFBL: C3.35.41, 1 Oct 2005, KDG 2005–38

Laccaria amethystea: Belgium, Wingene, Vagevuurbossen, IFBL: C2.53.44, 20 Sep 2005, KDG 2005–19

Laccaria amethystea: ibid., KDG 2005–20

Laccaria laccata: Belgium, Gent, Univ. Campus De Sterre, IFBL: D3.22.43, 22 Oct 2005, KDG 2005–78

Laccaria proxima: Belgium, Wingene, Vagevuurbossen, IFBL: C2.53.44, 20 Sep 2005, KDG 2005–18

Lactarius blennius: Belgium, Wingene, D2.13.22, 11 Oct 2005, KDG 2005–58

Lactarius camphoratus: Belgium, Wingene, Vagevuurbossen, IFBL: C2.53.44, 20 Sep 2005, KDG 2005–21

Lactarius controversus: Belgium, Gent, Univ. Campus De Sterre, IFBL: D3.22.43, 9 Aug 2005, KDG 2005–07

Lactarius controversus: Belgium, Gent, Univ. Campus De Sterre, IFBL: D3.22.43, 24 Aug 2005, KDG 2005–17

Lactarius controversus: Belgium, Gent, Univ. Campus De Sterre, IFBL: D3.22.43, 6 Oct 2005, KDG 2005–40

Lactarius deterrimus: Belgium, Hautes Fagnes, Rés. for. Ruhrbush (Bütgenbach/Elsenborn), IFBL: H6.28.44, 16 Oct 2005, KDG 2005–69

Lactarius lacunarum: Belgium, Wingene, D2.13.22, 11 Oct 2005, KDG 2005–60

Lactarius lacunarum: Belgium, Gent, Univ. Campus De Sterre, IFBL: D3.22.43, 24 Aug 2005, KDG 2005–76

Lactarius plumbeus: Belgium, Wingene, Vagevuurbossen, IFBL: C2.53.44, 20 Sep 2005, KDG 2005–27

Lactarius pubescens: Belgium, Gent, Univ. Campus De Sterre, IFBL: D3.22.43, 6 Oct 2005, KDG 2005–43

Lactarius pubescens: Belgium, Gent, Univ. Campus De Sterre, IFBL: D3.22.43, 24 Oct 2005, KDG 2005–83

Lactarius quietus: Belgium, Wingene, D2.13.22, 11 Oct 2005, KDG 2005–57

Lactarius quietus: Belgium, Heure, Vallée Ruisseau du Trou du Loup, H6.36.23, 14 Oct 2005, KDG 2005–61

Lactarius quietus: Belgium, Gent, Univ. Campus De Sterre, IFBL: D3.22.43, 22 Oct 2005, KDG 2005–81

Lactarius rufus: Belgium, Temse, Fort van Steendorp, C4.54.11, 9 Oct 2005, KDG 2005–54

Lactarius tabidus: Belgium, Wingene, Vagevuurbossen, IFBL: C2.53.44, 20 Sep 2005, KDG 2005–26

Lactarius tabidus: Belgium, Merelbeke, Prov. domein Gentbos, IFBL: D3.43.13, 8 Oct 2005, KDG 2005–48

Lactarius vellereus: Belgium, Hautes Fagnes, Rés. for. Ruhrbush (Bütgenbach/Elsenborn), IFBL: H6.28.44, 16 Oct 2005, KDG 2005–74

Mycena galopus: Belgium, Wachtebeke, Heidebos, IFBL: C3.35.41, 1 Oct 2005, KDG 2005–34

Mycena pura: Belgium, Merelbeke, Prov. domein Gentbos, IFBL: D3.43.13, 8 Oct 2005, KDG 2005–47

Mycena pura: Belgium, Hautes Fagnes, Rés. for. Ruhrbush (Bütgenbach/Elsenborn), IFBL: H6.28.44, 16 Oct 2005, KDG 2005–68

Russula aeruginea: Belgium, Gent, Univ. Campus De Sterre, IFBL: D3.22.43, 6 Oct 2005, KDG 2005–45

Russula cfr. aeruginea: Belgium, Temse, Fort van Steendorp, C4.54.11, 16 Aug 2005, KDG 2005–10

Russula delica: Belgium, Tervuren, E4.38.42, 7 Aug 2005, KDG 2005–01

Russula exalbicans: Belgium, Gent, Univ. Campus De Sterre, IFBL: D3.22.43, 22 Aug 2005, KDG 2005–12

Russula exalbicans: ibid., KDG 2005–13

Russula exalbicans: ibid., KDG 2005–14

Russula exalbicans: ibid., KDG 2005–15

Russula faginea: Belgium, Tervuren, E4.38.42, 7 Aug 2005, KDG 2005–03

Russula foetens: ibid., KDG 2005–04

Russula heterophylla: Belgium, Gent, Univ. Campus De Sterre, IFBL: D3.22.43, 24 Oct 2005, KDG 2005–79

Russula ochroleuca: Belgium, Wingene, Vagevuurbossen, IFBL: C2.53.44, 20 Sep 2005, KDG 2005–23

Russula parazurea: Belgium, Gent, Univ. Campus De Sterre, IFBL: D3.22.43, 22 Aug 2005, KDG 2005–16

Russula versicolor: Belgium, Temse, Fort van Steendorp, C4.54.11, 4 Oct 2005, KDG 2005–39

Russula versicolor: Belgium, Gent, Univ. Campus De Sterre, IFBL: D3.22.43, 6 Oct 2005, KDG 2005–41

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De Gussem, K., Vandenabeele, P., Verbeken, A. et al. Chemotaxonomical identification of spores of macrofungi: possibilities of Raman spectroscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 387, 2823–2832 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1150-1

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