Abstract
A multiresidue method using gas chromatography coupled to ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was developed for the analysis of 27 pesticides, commonly used in Alsace, in atmospheric samples (particle and gas phases). As pesticides are expected to be present at very low concentrations and in a complex matrix, the analytical method used was both highly selective and sensitive. These two properties were obtained by associating chromatography with ion-trap MS/MS. To develop this method, analysis of electron impact in single MS was first conducted to choose the parent ions of the pesticides studied. Among the 27 pesticides analysed, seven of them require a derivatisation step. This was the case of some ureas (chlorotoluron, diuron and isoproturon), phenoxy acids (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid and mecoprop) and of bromoxynil. The derivatisation was performed with success with pentafluorobenzylbromide. Then, a MS/MS method was optimised by parameters such as the radio frequency storage level and the collision-induced dissociation excitation voltage. Finally, a last step enabled the development of two calibrating programs based on the quantification of daughter ions for the 20 pesticides analysed directly (run 1) and for the seven pesticides which needed derivatisation (run 2). With this analytical procedure, the detection limits varied between 2.5 and 1,250 pg m−3 depending on the compounds studied. This method was tested with success for atmospheric samples collected in Strasbourg (France) during intensive pesticide treatment in 2002.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Albanis TA, Pomonis PJ, Sdoukos ATh (1986) Sci Total Environ 58:243–253
Charrêteur C, Kerbaol N, Péron JJ, Madec CL (1997) Analusis 25:211–215
Coburn JA, Ripley BD, Chau SY (1976) J Assoc Offic Anal Chem 59(1):188–196
Durand G, Barceló D (1991) Anal Chim Acta 243:259–271
Aston LS, Seiber JNJ (1997) J Environ Qual 26:1483–1492
Bidleman TF, Leonard R (1982) Atmos Environ 16:1099–1107
Millet M, Wortham H, Sanusi A, Mirabel Ph (1997) Environ Sci Pollut Res 4(3):172–180
Sanusi A, Millet M, Wortham H, Mirabel Ph (1997) Analusis 25:302–308
Sanusi A, Millet M, Mirabel Ph, Wortham H (2000) Sci Total Environ 263(1–3):263–277
Scheyer A, Morville S, Richert J, Mirabel P, Millet M (2003) Proceedings of the XII Symposium of Pesticide Chemistry, Piacenza (It), pp 811–821
Watanabe T (1998) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 60:669–676
Glotfelty DE, Taylor AW, Turner BJ, Zoller WH (1984) J Agric Food Chem 32:638–683
Glotfelty DE, Leech MM, Jersey J, Taylor AW (1989) J Agric Food Chem 37:546–551
Briand O, Millet M, Bertrand F, Cellier P, Bedos C, Seux R (2003) Fresenius Environ Bull 12(7):675–679
Durand G, Barcelo D (1991) Anal Chim Acta 243:259–271
Seiber JN, Wilson BW, Mc Chesney MM (1993) Environ Sci Technol 27:2236–2243
Sauret N, Millet M, Herckes P, Mirabel P, Wortham H.(2000) Environ Pollut 110:243–252
Gonçalves C, Alpendurada MF (2004) J Chromatogr A 1026:239–250
Gerecke AC, Tixier C, Bartels T, Schwarzenbach RP, Müller SR (2001) J Chromatogr A 930:9–19
Lika I, Slobodník J (1996) J Chromatogr A 733:235–258
Simon D, Helliwell S, Robards K (1998) Anal Chim Acta 360:1–16
Pena F, Cardenas S, Gallego M, Valcarcel M (2002) Talanta 56:727–734
Ollers S, Singer HP, Fassler P, Muller SR (2001) J Chromatogr A 911:225–234
Chau ASY, Terry K (1976) J Assoc Off Anal Chem 59:633–636
Hajslova J, Tahtah WH, Jehlickova Z, Kocourek V, Curha P (1993) Sci Total Environ 132:259–274
Hatrfk S, Tekel J (1996) J Chromatogr A 733:217–233
Farwell SO, Bowes FW, Adams DF (1977) J Environ Health (B) 12:71–83
Pyysalo H, Touminen J, Wickstrom K, Skytta E, Tikkanen L (1987) Atmos Environ 21:1167–1180
Foreman WT, Bidleman TF (1990) Atmos Environ 24A:2405–2416
Kaupp H, Umlauf G (1992) Atmos Environ 26A:2259–2267
Millet M, Wortham H, Sanusi A, Mirabel P (1996) Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 31:543–556
Boucharat C, Desauzier V, Le Cloirec P (1998) Talanta 47:311–323
Cotteril C (1992) Pestic Sci 34:291–296
Poulard M, Briand O, Seux R, Millet M (2000) Proceeding of the “XXXième congrès du Groupe Français des Pesticides”. Presses Universitaires de Reims, Reims, France, pp 21–29
Bidleman TF (1988) Environ Sci Technol 22:361–367
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the ‘‘Region Alsace’’ through the project 2001, the French Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development through the Primequal-2 programme and through a grant from DRIRE-Alsace. The authors want to thank the ADEME and ‘‘Region Alsace’’ for the financial support of the PhD of Anne Scheyer.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Scheyer, A., Morville, S., Mirabel, P. et al. A multiresidue method using ion-trap gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry with or without derivatisation with pentafluorobenzylbromide for the analysis of pesticides in the atmosphere. Anal Bioanal Chem 381, 1226–1233 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-005-3060-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-005-3060-4