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Screening antidepressants in the chick separation-stress paradigm

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Abstract

Rationale

Clinical research has indicated that antidepressants are efficacious in the treatment of anxiety disorders, especially when repeatedly administered. However, few animal models of anxiety are sensitive to antidepressants, a finding that may be due to procedures limited to acute administrations.

Objectives

The purpose of the present research was to further validate the chick separation-stress paradigm as an animal model of anxiety by examining its sensitivity to the monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) phenelzine (6.25, 12.5, 25.0 mg/kg), the tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) imipramine (5.0, 10.0, 20.0 mg/kg), the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram (1.0, 2.5, 5.0 mg/kg), and the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) maprotiline (5.0, 10.0, 20.0 mg/kg) under acute (no pretreatment) or repeated (3 or 6 days pretreatment) administration procedures.

Methods

Following any pretreatment, 8-day-old chicks received their respective vehicle or drug probe injection 15 min before tests in either a “mirror” (low stress) or “no mirror” (high stress) condition for a 180-s isolation period. The dependent measures were distress vocalizations to index separation stress and sleep onset latency to index sedation.

Results

The model was sensitive to acutely administered phenelzine (MAOI), imipramine (TCA), and maprotiline (NRI), but not citalopram (SSRI) and retained its sensitivity to these drug probes across both repeated administration procedures. None of the drug probes possessed any sedative properties.

Conclusions

These results help extend the validity and utility of the chick separation-stress paradigm as an animal model of anxiety by demonstrating its sensitivity to antidepressants under both acute and repeated administration procedures.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Jason Warnick, Courtney Cartwright, Laurel Johnson, Emily Mathis, Rob Robertson, April Stewart, and Robert Wicks for providing expert technical assistance, Drs. Michael Allen, Chris McCurdy, and Karen Sabol for their insightful discussions of this project, and Cal-Maine Foods for their generous donation of research animals. This work was supported by the Psychopharmacology Laboratory and an award to MWF from the Graduate School at the University of Mississippi.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA

    Matthew W. Feltenstein & Kenneth J. Sufka

  2. Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., BSB 403, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA

    Matthew W. Feltenstein

  3. Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA

    Kenneth J. Sufka

  4. Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA

    Kenneth J. Sufka

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  1. Matthew W. Feltenstein
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Correspondence to Matthew W. Feltenstein.

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Feltenstein, M.W., Sufka, K.J. Screening antidepressants in the chick separation-stress paradigm. Psychopharmacology 181, 153–159 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-005-2227-1

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