Interaction of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs with the human organic cation transporters hOCT1, hOCT2 and hOCT3

Abstract

Besides the three antidepressant-sensitive, Na⁺- and Cl⁻-dependent monoamine transporters, Na⁺-independent organic cation transporters (OCTs) are known to transport monoamines. However, little is known about the interactions of psychotropic drugs with human (h) OCTs. In the present study, a series of diverse antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs were examined for their inhibitory potency at hOCT1, hOCT2 and hOCT3 by measuring inhibition of [³H]-MPP⁺ uptake into HEK293 cells stably expressing one of the three hOCTs. The inhibitory potencies (IC₅₀s) ranged from 1 to 900 μM. Most of the examined drugs showed highest inhibitory potency at hOCT1 which is very sparsely expressed in the brain and mainly involved in renal and hepatic clearance of cationic drugs. At their upper therapeutic plasma concentrations, several drugs are expected to inhibit by more than 20 % hOCT1 and could thus interfere with the pharmacokinetics of hOCT1-transported drugs in the kidney and liver, namely trimipramine, desipramine and fluoxetine (by about 37 %), levomepromazine and nefazodone (by about 32 %), and clozapine and amitriptyline (by about 22 %). At hOCT2 and hOCT3, which are involved in monoamine homeostasis in the brain, IC₅₀s of most psychoactive drugs were in the high micromolar range. At their upper plasma concentrations, only three compounds, bupropion, nefazodone and clozapine, showed potential for inhibition, of about 18 % at hOCT2 (bupropion), about 22 % at hOCT3 (nefazodone) and of approximately 10 % at hOCT2 and hOCT3 (clozapine). Thus, under the assumption of a tenfold accumulation in the brain, bupropion, nefazodone and clozapine may notably inhibit the corresponding hOCTs. It remains to be shown whether such a direct inhibition plays a role in the clinical effects of these three drugs.