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Oxidative stress in apoptosis and cancer: an update

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Abstract

The oxygen paradox tells us that oxygen is both necessary for aerobic life and toxic to all life forms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) touch every biological and medical discipline, especially those involving proliferative status, supporting the idea that active oxygen may be increased in tumor cells. In fact, metabolism of oxygen and the resulting toxic byproducts can cause cancer and death. Efforts to counteract the damage caused by ROS are gaining acceptance as a basis for novel therapeutic approaches, and the field of prevention of cancer is experiencing an upsurge of interest in medically useful antioxidants. Apoptosis is an important means of regulating cell numbers in the developing cell system, but it is so important that it must be controlled. Normal cell death in homeostasis of multicellular organisms is mediated through tightly regulated apoptotic pathways that involve oxidative stress regulation. Defective signaling through these pathways can contribute to both unbalance in apoptosis and development of cancer. Finally, in this review, we discuss new knowledge about recent tools that provide powerful antioxidant strategies, and designing methods to deliver to target cells, in the prevention and treatment of cancer.

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Abbreviations

Ad-SOD:

Adenoviral vector expressing SOD

Apaf-1:

Apoptosis-activating factor

AP-1:

Activator protein-1

ASK1:

Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1

BCNU:

1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosurea

cAMP:

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

CAT:

Catalase

CREBP:

cAMP-responsive element binding protein

EC-SOD:

Extracellular superoxide dismutase

EH:

Epoxide hydrolase

ERK:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase

EUK:

Eukarion

GPX:

Glutathione peroxidase

GR:

Glutathione reductase

GSH:

Glutathione

GSSG:

Oxidized glutathione

GST:

Glutathione S-transferase

GT:

Glucuronosyl transferase

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

HUVEC:

Human umbilical vein endothelial cell

JNK:

c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MDM:

Murine double minute

NFκB:

Necrosis factor kappa B

NQO:

NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase

oxLDL:

Oxidized low-density lipoproteins

O ·−2 :

Superoxide anion radical

PCNA:

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen

PTD:

Small protein domains

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SAPK:

Stress-activated protein kinases

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

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Acknowledgments

Ministerio de Educación of Spain, PHB2010-0014-PC; Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología of Spain, SAF2010-17573; Junta de Andalucía, Proyectos de Investigación de Excelencia, Convocatoria 2010, CVI-6656, Spain; grant RD06/1012 of the RTA RETICS network from the Spanish Health Institute Carlos III; and Consejería de Salud, Junta de Andalucía, PI-0825-2010, Spain.

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  1. Department of Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain

    José M. Matés, Juan A. Segura, Francisco J. Alonso & Javier Márquez

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  1. José M. Matés
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  2. Juan A. Segura
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  3. Francisco J. Alonso
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  4. Javier Márquez
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Correspondence to José M. Matés.

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Matés, J.M., Segura, J.A., Alonso, F.J. et al. Oxidative stress in apoptosis and cancer: an update. Arch Toxicol 86, 1649–1665 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-012-0906-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-012-0906-3

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