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Magnetic nanoparticles: an update of application for drug delivery and possible toxic effects

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Abstract

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) represent a subclass within the overall category of nanomaterials and are widely used in many applications, particularly in the biomedical sciences such as targeted delivery of drugs or genes, in magnetic resonance imaging, and in hyperthermia (treating tumors with heat). Although the potential benefits of MNPs are considerable, there is a distinct need to identify any potential toxicity associated with these MNPs. The potential of MNPs in drug delivery stems from the intrinsic properties of the magnetic core combined with their drug loading capability and the biomedical properties of MNPs generated by different surface coatings. These surface modifications alter the particokinetics and toxicity of MNPs by changing protein–MNP or cell–MNP interactions. This review contains current advances in MNPs for drug delivery and their possible organ toxicities associated with disturbance in body iron homeostasis. The importance of protein–MNP interactions and various safety considerations relating to MNP exposure are also addressed.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (NRF-2011-0019171 and NRF-2011-0000380). MHC was partially supported by the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University. Ji-Eun Kim and Ji-Young Shin are recipients of Brain Korea 21 Program for Veterinary Science of Seoul National University.

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  1. Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea

    Ji-Eun Kim, Ji-Young Shin & Myung-Haing Cho

  2. Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 443-270, Korea

    Ji-Eun Kim & Myung-Haing Cho

  3. Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea

    Myung-Haing Cho

  4. Center for Food and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea

    Myung-Haing Cho

  5. Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 443-270, Korea

    Myung-Haing Cho

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  1. Ji-Eun Kim
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Kim, JE., Shin, JY. & Cho, MH. Magnetic nanoparticles: an update of application for drug delivery and possible toxic effects. Arch Toxicol 86, 685–700 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-011-0773-3

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