Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) can exacerbate allergic airway diseases. Health effects of PM with a diameter of less than 100 nm, called nano particles, have been focused. We have recently demonstrated that carbon nano particles (14, 56 nm) exaggerate allergic airway inflammation in mice. In the present study, we investigated the effects of repeated pulmonary exposure to carbon nano particles on the expression of a variety of cytokines in the absence or presence of allergen in mice. ICR mice were divided into six experimental groups. Vehicle, two sizes of carbon nano particles, ovalbumin (OVA), and OVA + nano particles were administered intratracheally. Nano particles increased the lung protein levels of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)−1α, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the absence or presence of allergen. The enhancement was more prominent with 14 nm of nano particles than with 56 nm of nano particles in overall trend. 14 nm nano particle exposure significantly enhanced the lung expressions of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-10 in the presence of allergen as compared with allergen exposure. These results suggest that pulmonary exposure to nano particles can induce the lung expression of TARC, MIP-1α, GM-CSF in the absence of allergen and can enhance that of TARC, MIP-1α, GM-CSF, IL-2, and IL-10 in the presence of allergen. The enhancing effects are more prominent with smaller particles.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbey DE, Nishino N, McDonnell WF, Burchette RJ, Knutsen SF, Lawrence Beeson W, Yang JX (1999) Long-term inhalable particles and other air pollutants related to mortality in nonsmokers. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 159:373–382
Al-Humadi NH, Siegel PD, Lewis DM, Barger MW, Ma JY, Weissman DN, Ma JK (2002) The effect of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) and carbon black (CB) on thiol changes in pulmonary ovalbumin allergic sensitized Brown Norway rats. Exp Lung Res 28:333–349
Berin MC, Eckmann L, Broide DH, Kagnoff MF (2001) Regulated production of the T helper 2-type T-cell chemoattractant TARC by human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro and in human lung xenografts. Am J Resp Cell Mol Biol 24:382–389
Broide DH, Paine MM, Firestein GS (1992) Eosinophils express interleukin 5 and granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor mRNA at sites of allergic inflammation in asthmatics. J Clin Invest 90:1414–1424
Cohen AJ, Pope CA 3rd (1995) Lung cancer and air pollution. Environ Health Persp 103:219–224
Coxon A, Tang T, Mayadas TN (1999) Cytokine-activated endothelial cells delay neutrophil apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. A role for granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J Exp Med 190:923–934
Dibbert B, Weber M, Nikolaizik WH, Vogt P, Schoni MH, Blaser K, Simon HU (1999) Cytokine-mediated Bax deficiency and consequent delayed neutrophil apoptosis: a general mechanism to accumulate effector cells in inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:13330–13335
Dockery DW, Pope CA 3rd, Xu X, Spengler JD, Ware JH, Fay ME, Ferris BG Jr, Speizer FE (1993) An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. N Engl J Med 329:1753–1759
Driscoll KE (1994) Macrophage inflammatory proteins: biology and role in pulmonary inflammation. Exp Lung Res 20:473–490
Ferin J, Oberdorster G, Penney DP (1992) Pulmonary retention of ultrafine and fine particles in rats. Am J Resp Cell Mol Biol 6:535–542
Gasson JC (1991) Molecular physiology of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor. Blood 77:1131–1145
Imai T, Yoshida T, Baba M, Nishimura M, Kakizaki M, Yoshie O (1996) Molecular cloning of a novel T cell-directed CC chemokine expressed in thymus by signal sequence trap using Epstein-Barr virus vector. J Biol Chem 271:21514–21521
Imai T, Baba M, Nishimura M, Kakizaki M, Takagi S, Yoshie O (1997) The T cell-directed CC chemokine TARC is a highly specific biological ligand for CC chemokine receptor 4. J Biol Chem 272:15036–15042
Inoue K, Takano H, Yanagisawa R, Sakurai M, Ichinose T, Sadakane K, Yoshikawa T (2005) Effects of nano particles on antigen-related airway inflammation in mice. Respir Res 6:106
Kakinuma T, Nakamura K, Wakugawa M, Mitsui H, Tada Y, Saeki H, Torii H, Asahina A, Onai N, Matsushima K, Tamaki K (2001) Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine in atopic dermatitis: Serum thymus and activation-regulated chemokine level is closely related with disease activity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 107:535–541
Katoh S, Matsumoto N, Fukushima K, Mukae H, Kadota JI, Kohno S, Matsukura S (2000) Elevated chemokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with eosinophilic pneumonia. J Allergy Clin Immunol 106:730–736
Lambert AL, Dong W, Selgrade MK, Gilmour MI (2000) Enhanced allergic sensitization by residual oil fly ash particles is mediated by soluble metal constituents. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 165:84–93
Lambert AL, Dong W, Winsett DW, Selgrade MK, Gilmour MI (1999) Residual oil fly ash exposure enhances allergic sensitization to house dust mite. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 158:269–277
Last JA, Ward R, Temple L, Pinkerton KE, Kenyon NJ (2004) Ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation and fibrosis in mice also exposed to ultrafine particles. Inhal Toxicol 16:93–102
Li XY, Brown D, Smith S, MacNee W, Donaldson K (1999) Short-term inflammatory responses following intratracheal instillation of fine and ultrafine carbon black in rats. Inhal Toxicol 11:709–731
Lovik M, Hogseth AK, Gaarder PI, Hagemann R, Eide I (1997) Diesel exhaust particles and carbon black have adjuvant activity on the local lymph node response and systemic IgE production to ovalbumin. Toxicology 121:165–178
MacNee W, Donaldson K (2000) How can ultrafine particles be responsible for increased mortality? Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 55:135–139
Maejima K, Tamura K, Taniguchi Y, Nagase S, Tanaka H (1997) Comparison of the effects of various fine particles on IgE antibody production in mice inhaling Japanese cedar pollen allergens. J Toxicol Environ Health 52:231–248
Maurer M, von Stebut E (2004) Macrophage inflammatory protein. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:1882–1886
Nelson BH (2004) IL-2, regulatory Tcells, and tolerance. J Immunol 172:3983–3988
Nemmar A, Vanbilloen H, Hoylaerts MF, Hoet PH, Verbruggen A, Nemery B (2001) Passage of intratracheally instilled ultrafine particles from the lung into the systemic circulation in hamster. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 164:1665–1668
Panina-Bordignon P, Papi A, Mariani M, Di Lucia P, Casoni G, Bellettato C, Buonsanti C, Miotto D, Mapp C, Villa A, Arrigoni G, Fabbri LM, Sinigaglia F (2001) The C-C chemokine receptors CCR4 and CCR8 identify airway T cells of allergen-challenged atopic asthmatics. J Clin Invest 107:1357–1364
Peh SC, Kim LH, Poppema S (2001) TARC, a CC chemokine, is frequently expressed in classic Hodgkin’s lymphoma but not in NLP Hodgkin’s lymphoma, T-cell-rich Bcell lymphoma, and most cases of anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Am J Surg Pathol 25:925–929
Peters A, Wichmann HE, Tuch T, Heinrich J, Heyder J (1997) Respiratory effects are associated with the number of ultrafine particles. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 155:1376–1383
Renzi PM, Sapienza S, Waserman S, Du T, Olivenstein R, Wang NS, Martin JG (1992) Effect of interleukin-2 on the airway response to antigen in the rat. Am Rev Resp Dis 146:163–169
Sekiya T, Miyamasu M, Imanishi M, Yamada H, Nakajima T, Yamaguchi M, Fujisawa T, Pawankar R, Sano Y, Ohta K, Ishii A, Morita Y, Yamamoto K, Matsushima K, Yoshie O, Hirai K (2000) Inducible expression of a Th2-type CC chemokine thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine by human bronchial epithelial cells. J Immunol 165:2205–2213
Smith KA (1988) Interleukin-2: inception, impact, and implications. Science 240:1169–1176
Tai PC, Sun L, Spry CJ (1991) Effects of IL-5, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-3 on the survival of human blood eosinophils in vitro. Clin Exp Immunol 85:312–316
Takano H, Yoshikawa T, Ichinose T, Miyabara Y, Imaoka K, Sagai M (1997) Diesel exhaust particles enhance antigen-induced airway inflammation and local cytokine expression in mice. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 156:36–42
Utell MJ, Frampton MW (2000) Acute health effects of ambient air pollution: the ultrafine particle hypothesis. J Aerosol Med 13:355–359
van Zijverden M, van der Pijl A, Bol M, van Pinxteren FA, de Haar C, Penninks AH, van Loveren H, Pieters R (2000) Diesel exhaust, carbon black, and silica particles display distinct Th1/Th2 modulating activity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 168:131–139
Yoneyama H, Harada A, Imai T, Baba M, Yoshie O, Zhang Y, Higashi H, Murai M, Asakura H, Matsushima K (1998) Pivotal role of TARC, a CC chemokine, in bacteria-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice. J Clin Invest 102:1933–1941
Zlotnik A, Yoshie O (2000) Chemokines: a new classification system and their role in immunity. Immunity 12:121–127
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Inoue, Ki., Takano, H., Yanagisawa, R. et al. Effects of nano particles on cytokine expression in murine lung in the absence or presence of allergen. Arch Toxicol 80, 614–619 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-006-0075-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-006-0075-3