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UPLC-MS/MS analysis of antibiotics in pharmaceutical effluent in Tunisia: ecotoxicological impact and multi-resistant bacteria dissemination

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Abstract

The UPLC MS/MS analysis showed the presence of the two antibiotics in the pharmaceutical industry discharges during 3 months; norfloxacin and spiramycin which were quantified with the mean concentrations of 226.7 and 84.2 ng mL−1, respectively. Sixteen resistant isolates were obtained from the pharmaceutical effluent and identified by sequencing. These isolates belong to different genera, namely Citrobacter, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Delftia, Shewanella, and Rheinheimera. The antibiotic resistance phenotypes of these isolates were determined (27 tested antibiotics-discs). All the studied isolates were found resistant to amoxicillin and gentamicin, and 83.33% of isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Multiple antibiotic resistances were revealed against β-lactams, quinolones, and aminoglycosides families. Our overall results suggest that the obtained bacterial isolates may constitute potential candidates for bioremediation and can be useful for biotechnological applications. Genotoxic effects were assessed by a battery of biotests; the pharmaceutical wastewater was genotoxic according to the bacterial Vitotox test and micronuclei test. Genotoxicity was also evaluated by the comet test; the tail DNA damages reached 38 and 22% for concentrated sample (10×) and non-concentrated sample (1×), respectively. However, the histological sections of kidney and liver’s mice treated by pharmaceutical effluent showed normal histology and no visible structural effects or alterations as cytolysis, edema, or ulcerative necrosis were observed. Residual antibiotics can reach water environment through wastewater and provoke dissemination of the antibiotics resistance and induce genotoxic effects.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Chemical Residues and Contaminants, Direction of Food Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium

    Leyla Tahrani, Tim Reyns & Joris Van Loco

  2. Laboratory of toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium

    Leyla Tahrani, Roel Anthonissen & Luc Verschaeve

  3. Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment, APAE UR17ES32 Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia “ISSAT”, Monastir University, 5100, Monastir, Tunisia

    Leyla Tahrani & Hedi Ben Mansour

  4. Laboratoire Traitement et recyclage des eaux, Centre de recherche et technologie des eaux, Borj Cedria, Tunisia

    Ines Mehri & Hassen Abdenaceur

  5. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

    Luc Verschaeve

  6. Laboratoire de microbiologie, Hôpital Tahar Sfar, 5010, Mahdia, Tunisia

    Anis Bel Haj Khalifa

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  1. Leyla Tahrani
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  2. Ines Mehri
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Correspondence to Hedi Ben Mansour.

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Communicated by Djamel DRIDER.

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Tahrani, L., Mehri, I., Reyns, T. et al. UPLC-MS/MS analysis of antibiotics in pharmaceutical effluent in Tunisia: ecotoxicological impact and multi-resistant bacteria dissemination. Arch Microbiol 200, 553–565 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-017-1467-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-017-1467-x

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