Abstract
Thermal expansion of radio telescopes has long been recognized as an effect which cannot be neglected in geodetic and astrometric VLBI data analysis if millimeter accuracy is desired. In this article, the author documents the conventions which are being set by the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS) for a consistent modelling of this effect in its routine product generation. For the largest telescopes, the annual cycle of thermal expansion may change the height of the VLBI reference point by as much as 20 mm. However, for telescopes which are used in present-day IVS operations, the variations rather range from 4 to 6 mm.
References
Altamimi Z, Collilieux X, Legrand J, Garayt B, Boucher C (2005) ITRF2005: a new release of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame based on time series of station coordinates and Earth Orientation Parameters. JGR 112: B09401. doi:10.1029/2007JB004949
Boehm J, Heinkelmann R, Schuh H (2007) Short note: a global model of pressure and temperature for geodetic applications. J Geod 81: 679–683. doi:10.1007/s00190-007-0135-3
Boehm J, Heinkelmann R, Schuh H, Nothnagel A (2008) Validation of mean temperature values as provided by GPT, IVS memorandum 2008-003v01. ftp://ivscc.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/memos/ivs-2008-003v01.pdf
Elgered G, Carlsson TR (1995) Temperature stability of the Onsala 20-m antenna and its impact on geodetic VLBI. In: Lanotte R, Bianco G (eds) Proceedings of the 10th working meeting on European VLBI for geodesy and astrometry, Matera, pp 69–78
Haas R, Nothnagel A, Schuh H, Titov O (1999) Explanatory supplement to the section “Antenna Deformation” of the IERS conventions, Chaps. 6, 7. In: Schuh H (ed) Explanatory supplement to the IERS conventions. DGFI Report 71, Munich, pp 26–29
Heinkelmann R, Boehm J, Schuh H (2007) The effect of meteorological input data on the VLBI reference frames. In: Proceedings of GRF2006, Munich (in press)
Johansson LA, Stodne F, Wolf S (1996) The PISA project—variations in the height of the foundation of the 20 meter radio telescope. Research report 178, Department of Radio and Space Science with Onsala Space Observatory; Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
McCarthy D, Petit G (eds) (2003) IERS Conventions. IERS Technical Note No. 32; Verlag des Bundesamtes für Kartographie und Geodäsie, Frankfurt am Main
Nothnagel A, Pilhatsch M, Haas R (1995) Investigations of thermal height changes of geodetic VLBI radio telescopes. In: Lanotte R, Bianco G (eds) Proceedings of the 10th working meeting on European VLBI for geodesy and astrometry, Matera, pp 121–133
Otoshi TY, Young LE (1982) An experimental investigation of the changes of VLBI time delays due to antenna structural deformations. TDA progress report 42-41, Pasadena, pp 218–225
Schlüter W, Himwich WE, Nothnagel A, Vandenberg NR, Whitney AR (2002) IVS and it’s important role in the maintenance of the global reference systems. Adv Space Res 30(2): 145–150
Skurikhina E (2001) On computation of antenna thermal deformation in VLBI data processing. In: Proceedings of 15th working meting on European VLBI for geodesy and astrometry, Barcelona, pp 124–130
Tipler PA, Mosca GP (2007) Physics for scientists and engineers, 6th edn. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke
Wresnik J, Haas R, Boehm J, Schuh H (2007) Modeling thermal deformation of VLBI antennas with a new temperature model. J Geod 81: 423–431. doi:10.1007/s00190-006-0120-2
Zernecke R (1999) Seasonal variations in height demonstrated at the radiotelescope reference point. In: Schlüter W, Hase H (eds) Proceedings of the 13th working meeting on European VLBI for geodesy and astrometry, Viechtach/Wettzell; Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie, Fundamentalstation Wettzell, pp 15–18
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nothnagel, A. Conventions on thermal expansion modelling of radio telescopes for geodetic and astrometric VLBI. J Geod 83, 787–792 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-008-0284-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-008-0284-z