Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Characterization and tribological evaluation of NiCrMoNb and NiCrBSiC laser cladding on near-α titanium alloy

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Published:
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the present study, two different types of coatings such as NiCrMoNb and NiCrBSiC were produced on titanium alloy using a high power Yb:YAG disk laser. Then the coatings were analysed to expose their phase characterization, microstructure and hardness using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy (OM) and Vickers microhardness machine (HV). Further, tribotest was performed through ball-on-plate machine to analyse the wear properties of coatings. In addition, worn surfaces of cladding and surface roughness were examined using FE-SEM and whitelight interferometer, respectively. The results showed that the both NiCrMoNb and NiCrBSiC cladding exhibited a dendrite homogeneous structure due to higher cooling rates. XRD results indicating that the solid solution of γ-Ni was mixed with chromium, boride, silicon and formed the structure of interdendritic eutectics on cladding region. Microhardness of the clad layer has remarkably been increased than substrate. The results of friction coefficient of specimen with NiCrBSiC are lower than that of specimens NiCrMoNb clad and substrate. Also, the wear resistance of NiCrBSiC clad has been increased than NiCrMoNb clad and substrate sample, which reveals that NiCrBSiC laser cladding plays a major role on wear resistance. The microstructures of NiCrMoNb and NiCrBSiC cladding layer are composed of Ni-rich austenitic, Cr, Mo, Nb and carbide, borides, respectively. The analysed wear track indicates that adhesion and abrasion was a major wear mechanism. The NiCrSiBC cladded worn-out surfaces exhibited reduction in surface roughness than NiCrMoNb clad and substrate.

.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Zhu YY, Liu D, Tian XJ, Tang HB, Wang HM (2014) Characterization of microstructure and mechanical properties of laser melting deposited Ti–6.5Al–3.5Mo–1.5Zr–0.3Si titanium alloy. Mater Des 56:445–453

    Google Scholar 

  2. Mthisi A, Popoola API, Popoola OM (2019) Tribological behaviour of laser synthesized Ti-Al2O3 coatings on Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 103:655–664

    Google Scholar 

  3. Fu YQ, Batchelor AW (1998) Laser nitriding of pure titanium with Ni, Cr for improved wear performance. Wear 214:83–90

    Google Scholar 

  4. Jeyaprakash N, Duraiselvam M, Raju R (2018) Modelling of Cr3C2-25% NiCr laser alloyed cast iron in high temperature sliding wear condition using response surface methodology. Arch Metall Mater 63:1303–1315

    Google Scholar 

  5. Gu DD, Hagedorn YC, Meiners W, Meng GB, Batista RJS, Wissenbach K et al (2012) Densification behavior, microstructure evolution, and wear performance of selective laser melting processed commercially pure titanium. Acta Mater 60:3849–3860

    Google Scholar 

  6. Jeyaprakash N, Yang C-H, Muthukannan D, Prabu G, Sheng-Po T, Raj Kumar D (2019) Investigation of high temperature wear performance on laser processed nodular iron using optimization technique. Results Phys 15:102585

    Google Scholar 

  7. Jeyaprakash N, Yang C-H, Tseng S-P (2019) Wear Tribo-performances of laser cladding Colmonoy-6 and Stellite-6 micron layers on stainless steel 304 using Yb:YAG disk laser. Met Mater Int:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-019-00526-6

  8. Xi W, Song B, Yu Z, Yu T, Wang J (2019) Geometry and dilution rate analysis and prediction of laser cladding. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 103:4695–4702

    Google Scholar 

  9. Xu X, Mi G, Xiong L, Jiang P, Shao X, Wang C (2018) Morphologies, microstructures and properties of TiC particle reinforced Inconel 625 coatings obtained by laser cladding with wire. J Alloys Compd 740:16–27

    Google Scholar 

  10. Zhuang Q, Zhang P, Li M, Yan H, Yu Z, Lu Q (2017) Microstructure, Wear resistance and oxidation behavior of Ni-Ti-Si coatings fabricated on Ti6Al4V by laser cladding. Materials 10:1248

    Google Scholar 

  11. Yin M, WenjianWang WH, Cai Z (2018) Impact-sliding tribology behavior of TC17 alloy treated by laser shock peening. Materials 11:1229

    Google Scholar 

  12. Hemmati I, Ocelık V, DeHosson JTM (2012) Dilution effects in laser cladding of Ni–Cr–B–Si–C hardfacing alloys. Mater Lett 84:69–72

    Google Scholar 

  13. Ramasubbu V, Chakraborty G, Albert SK, Bhaduri AK (2011) Effect of dilution on GTAW Colmonoy 6 (AWS NiCr–C) hardface deposit made on 316LN stainless steel. Mater Sci Technol 27(2):573–580

    Google Scholar 

  14. Fernandes F, Cavaleiro A, Loureiro A (2012) Oxidation behavior of Ni-based coatings deposited by PTA on gray cast iron. Surf Coat Technol 207:196–203

    Google Scholar 

  15. Hemant K, Ramakrishnan V, Albert SK, Bhaduri AK, Ray KK (2017) Friction and wear behaviour of Ni-Cr-B hardface coating on 316LN stainless steel in liquid sodium at elevated temperature. J Nucl Mater 495:431–437

    Google Scholar 

  16. Sassatelli P, Bolelli G, Gualtieri ML, Heinonen E, Honkanen M, Lusvarghi L, Manfredini T, Rigon R, Vippola M (2018) Properties of HVOF-sprayed Stellite-6 coatings. Surf Coat Technol 338:45–62

    Google Scholar 

  17. Ferozhkhan MM, Duraiselvam M, Kumar KG, Ravibharath R (2016) Plasma transferred arc welding of Stellite 6 alloy on stainless steel for wear resistance. Procedia Technol 25:1305–1311

    Google Scholar 

  18. Sidhu TS, Prakash S, Agrawal RD (2006) Hot corrosion resistance of high-velocity oxyfuel sprayed coatings on a nickel-base superalloy in molten salt environment. J. Therm. Spray Technol. 15:387–399

    Google Scholar 

  19. de Oliveira U, Ocelík V, De Hosson JTM (2007) Microstresses and microstructure in thick cobalt-based laser deposited coatings. Surf Coat Technol 201:6363–6371

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kusmoko A, Dunne D, Li H, Nolan D (2014) Effect of two different energy inputs for laser cladding of Stellite 6 on P91 and P22 steel substrates. Procedia Mater Sci. 6:26–36

    Google Scholar 

  21. Bartkowski D, Młynarczak A, Piasecki A, Dudziak B, Gościański M, Bartkowska A (2015) Microstructure, microhardness and corrosion resistance of Stellite-6 coatings reinforced with WC particles using laser cladding. Opt Laser Technol 68:191–201

    Google Scholar 

  22. Calleja A, Urbikain G, González H, Cerrillo I, Polvorosa R, Lamikiz A (2018) Inconel®718 superalloy machinability evaluation after laser cladding additive manufacturing process. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 97:2873–2885

    Google Scholar 

  23. ASTM International (2010) ASTM Standard G: 99-05. Standard test method for wear testing with a pin-on-disk apparatus. ASTM International, PA

  24. Atanu C, Raghupathy Y, Srinivasan D, Suwas S, Srivastava C (2017) Microstructural evolution of cold-sprayed Inconel 625 superalloy coatings on low alloy steel substrate. Acta Mater 129:11–25

    Google Scholar 

  25. Xu X, Mi G, Chen L, Xiong L, Jiang P, Shoa X, Wang C (2017) Research on microstructures and properties of Inconel 625 coatings obtained by laser cladding with wire. J Alloys Compd 715:362–373

    Google Scholar 

  26. Huebner J, Rutkowski P, Kata D, Kusinski J (2017) Microstructural and mechanical study of Inconel 625—tungsten carbide composite coatings obtained by powder laser cladding. Arch Metall Mater 62(2):531–538

    Google Scholar 

  27. Zhang H, Shia Y, Kutsuna M, Xu GJ (2010) Laser cladding of Colmonoy 6 powder on AISI316L austenitic stainless steel. Nucl Eng Des 240:2691–2696

    Google Scholar 

  28. Conde A, Zubiri F, de Damborenea J (2002) Cladding of Ni–Cr–B–Si coatings with a high power diode laser. Mater Sci Eng A 334:233–238

    Google Scholar 

  29. Zheng ML, Sun HQ, Liu WJ (2005) Scr. Mater. 53(2):159–753

    Google Scholar 

  30. Kou S (2017) Welding metallurgy. John Wiley and Sons

  31. Abioye TE, Folkes J, Clare AT (2015) J Mater Process Technol 217:232–240

    Google Scholar 

  32. Abioye TE, Folkes J, Clare AT (2013) A parametric study of Inconel 625 wire laser deposition, J Mater Process Technol 213(12):2145–2151

    Google Scholar 

  33. Abioye TE (2014) Laser deposition of Inconel 625/tungsten carbide composite coatings by powder and wire feedstock. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham

  34. Corchia M, Delogu P, Nenci F (1987) Microstructural aspects of wear-resistant Stellite and Colmonoy coatings by laser processing. Wear 119:137–152

    Google Scholar 

  35. Paul CP, Jain A, Ganesh P, Negi J, Nath AK (2006) Laser rapid manufacturing of Colmonoy-6 components. Opt Lasers Eng 44:1096–1109

    Google Scholar 

  36. Jeyaprakash N, Yang C-H, Muthukannan D, Prabu G (2019) Microstructure and tribological evolution during laser alloying WC-12%Co and Cr3C2−25%NiCr powders on nodular iron surface. Results Phys 12:1610–1620

    Google Scholar 

  37. Jeyaprakash N, Muthukannan D, Aditya SV (2018) Numerical modeling of WC-12% Co laser alloyed cast iron in high temperature sliding wear condition using response surface methodology. Surf Rev Lett 25(7):1950009

    Google Scholar 

  38. Li P, Wu LY, Guiong YM, Liu X (2012) Distribution of TiB2 particles and its effect on the mechanical properties of A390 alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 546:146–152

    Google Scholar 

  39. Kesavan D, Kamaraj M (2010) The microstructure and high temperature wear performance of a nickel base hard faced coating. Surf Coat Technol 204:4034–4043

    Google Scholar 

  40. Gholipour A, Shamanian M, Ashrafizadeh F (2011) Microstructure and wear behavior of Stellite 6 cladding on 17-4 PH stainless steel. J Alloys Compd 509:4905–4909

    Google Scholar 

  41. Feng K, Chen Y, Deng P, Li Y, Zhao H, Lu F, Li R, Huang J, Li Z (2017) Improved high-temperature hardness and wear resistance of Inconel625 coatings fabricated by laser cladding. J Mater Process Technol 243:82–91

    Google Scholar 

  42. Waterhouse RB, Wharton MH (1974) Titanium and tribology. Ind Lubr Tribol 26(1/2):20–23

    Google Scholar 

  43. da Silva LJ, C.M. D’Oliveira AS (2016) NiCrSiBC coatings: effect of dilution on microstructure and high temperature tribological behaviour. Wear 350–351:130–140

    Google Scholar 

  44. da Silva LJ, Scheuer CJ, C.M. D’Oliveira AS (2019) Effect of microstructure on wear performance of NiCrSiBC coatings. Wear 428–429:387–394

    Google Scholar 

  45. Cozza RC (2014) Third abrasive wear mode: is it possible? J Mater Res Technol 3:191–193

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The authors wish to thank the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan (Republic of China) for providing financial support to carry out this research work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre of Mass Customization Additive Manufacture, National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan, Republic of China

    N. Jeyaprakash, Che-Hua Yang & Sheng-Po Tseng

  2. Institute of Manufacturing Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan, Republic of China

    N. Jeyaprakash, Che-Hua Yang & Sheng-Po Tseng

Authors
  1. N. Jeyaprakash
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Che-Hua Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sheng-Po Tseng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to N. Jeyaprakash.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Highlights

• Two different types of coatings such as NiCrMoNb and NiCrBSiC were produced on titanium alloy. Both claddings were free from defects and achieved good metallurgical bonding.

• In NiCrSiBC coating, the elements such as carbon, boron and chromium were segregated as carboborides and carbides.

• The material loss on substrate is more than both cladding surfaces and abrasive; adhesive is identified as a major wear mechanism

• Comparing with NiCrMoNb and unclad specimen, the NiCrSiBC-cladded worn-out surfaces exhibited reduction in roughness average. Finally, the NiCrSiBC cladding can be considered an alternative to the NiCrMoNb coating.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Jeyaprakash, N., Yang, CH. & Tseng, SP. Characterization and tribological evaluation of NiCrMoNb and NiCrBSiC laser cladding on near-α titanium alloy. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 106, 2347–2361 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-04755-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-04755-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation