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„Lebensstil“ als Risiko für Frühgeburt

“Lifestyle” as a risk for preterm delivery

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Der Gynäkologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Positive und negative Faktoren des Lebensstils beeinflussen den Schwangerschaftsverlauf. Für viele negative Faktoren ist in epidemiologischen Studien und Fall-Kontroll-Studien eine meist geringe, aber signifikante Erhöhung der Frühgeburtsrate belegt. Diskutiert werden besondere Aspekte des Lebensstils, wie soziale Ungleichheit oder individueller Umgang mit kritischen Lebensereignissen, sowie die Theorie der Summation der einzelnen Faktoren. In der Schwangerenberatung und in Betreuung von Frauen während der Geburt und im Wochenbett sollen Faktoren des Lebensstils im Rahmen der Anamnese und im Verlauf der Schwangerschaft thematisiert werden. Das Erkennen möglicher negativer Faktoren und die Förderung positiver Lebensumstände, regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität, Verbesserung der sozialen Situation und Unterstützung sowie Stressbewältigung, sind wichtige primär- und sekundärpräventive Ansätze für die Verringerung von Frühgeburtsraten in Deutschland, wenngleich bis heute eindeutige Nachweise zur Effektivität von Interventionen fehlen.

Abstract

Positive and negative lifestyle factors can affect the outcome of pregnancy. In epidemiological and case-control studies, it was clearly shown that the premature birth rate increases marginally but significantly in the presence of negative lifestyle factors. Specific aspects such as social inequality, individual coping strategies for severe life events, and the theory of summation of the individual factors are discussed. For antenatal, subpartal, and postpartal care, gynecologists should keep in mind the knowledge of different psychological and social factors that increase the risk for preterm delivery. These factors should be routinely addressed when taking the medical history and during follow-up visits. It is important to stress the potentially negative effects of risky lifestyle factors and to promote positive life aspects as multidisciplinary support in problematic social situations, regular physical exercise, and promotion of coping strategies. This counseling is one of the important primary and secondary preventive key issues in the context of preterm delivery, although the effectiveness of those interventions has not been shown.

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  1. Universitätsfrauenklinik Heidelberg, Voßstr. 9, 69115, Heidelberg, Deutschland

    M. Goeckenjan

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  1. M. Goeckenjan
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Goeckenjan, M. „Lebensstil“ als Risiko für Frühgeburt. Gynäkologe 45, 538–546 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-011-2937-x

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