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Histological and Genotoxic Biomarkers in Prochilodus lacustris (Pisces, Prochilodontidae) for Environmental Assessment in a Protected Area in the Northeast of Brazil

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Abstract

The quality of aquatic environments all around the world is being altered by different human activities that represent direct threat to the ecological system and the aquatic biota. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of histological and genotoxic alterations in Prochilodus lacustris as indicators of anthropic impacts in a lacustrine environment in northeast Brazil. The histological alterations were evaluated using the histological alteration index, and the genotoxic alterations were detected using the micronuclei test, at three sampling stations (S1, S2 and S3). The gills presented lesions with three stages of severity, with mild lesions more frequent in the specimens collected at station S1. Mild hepatic tissue lesions were the most frequent type in both areas. Micronucleus analysis showed that station S3 was the most affected. The biological responses observed indicated that the fish are under influence of environmental changes. It is important to highlight that the organisms collected at station S3 had a more compromised health status.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Biology and Aquatic Environment Study Group (BIOAqua/UEMA), the Animal Morphology Laboratory, the Aquatic Organism Biomarker Laboratory (LABOAQ/UEMA), the Fishing and Aquatic Ecology Laboratory (LABPEA/UEMA), the Soil Chemistry Laboratory (UEMA), the UEMA (Veterinary Medicine Department) Food and Water Microbiology Laboratory and the Oceanography Department of the Universidade Federal do Maranhão (DEOLI/UFMA) for assistance with the laboratory analyses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Avenue Three March, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil

    Rayssa de Lima Cardoso

  2. Department of Chemistry and Biology, Postgraduate Program in Aquatic Resources and Fisheries, State University of Maranhão (Uema), University City Paulo VI s/n, Cidade Operária, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil

    Raimunda Nonata Fortes Carvalho-Neta, Cássia Fernanda Chagas Ferreira & Débora Martins Silva Santos

  3. Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Federal University of Maranhão (Ufma), Avenue of Portugueses, 1966, Vila Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil

    Antonio Carlos Leal de Castro & James Werllen de Jesus Azevedo

  4. Postgraduate Program in Biodority and Biotechnology Network of the Legal Amazon (BIONORTE), Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão (Ufma), Avenue of Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil

    Marcelo Henrique Lopes Silva

  5. Department of Agricultural Engineering, Soil Chemistry Laboratory, State University of Maranhão (Uema), University City Paulo VI s/n, Cidade Operária, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil

    João Reis Salgado Costa Sobrinho

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  1. Rayssa de Lima Cardoso
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de Lima Cardoso, R., Carvalho-Neta, R.N.F., de Castro, A.C.L. et al. Histological and Genotoxic Biomarkers in Prochilodus lacustris (Pisces, Prochilodontidae) for Environmental Assessment in a Protected Area in the Northeast of Brazil. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 101, 570–579 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-018-2464-8

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