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Genotoxic and hematological parameters in Colossoma macropomum (Pisces, Serrasalmidae) as biomarkers for environmental impact assessment in a protected area in northeastern Brazil

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Abstract

Genotoxic and hematological parameters in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), a native freshwater fish, were used as biomarkers to assess exposure to environmental stressors within the Maracanã Protected Area of Maranhão State, Brazil. Fish were sampled at two sites—Serena Lagoon (control) and Ambude River—on four occasions (dry and rainy season), and biometric data (length and weight) recorded and blood collected from all fish for analysis. Erythrocyte indices—mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration—were calculated. Blood samples were stained with Giemsa and acridine orange, and microscopically examined for micronuclei and morphological nuclear abnormalities. Micronuclei were observed in fish from both sites, although the frequency was significantly higher in fish from the Ambude River and morphological nuclear abnormalities were only observed in fish from the Ambude River. More morphological nuclear abnormalities and a larger number of micronuclei were observed in erythrocytes stained with acridine orange compared with those stained with Giemsa. On average, erythrocyte indices were lower in fish from the Ambude River than from the Serena Lagoon. The results confirm that genotoxic and hematological parameters in C. macropomum can be used as indicators of environmental health and could be valuable tools for monitoring environmental conditions within protected areas.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the staff of the Fisheries and Aquatic Ecology Laboratory and the Fluorescence Microscopy Group of State University of Maranhão for technical support and provision of equipment, and the Maranhão State Research Foundation—FAPEMA (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Estado do Maranhão) for financial support. We are grateful to Rômulo de Araújo Soares for technical support.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Biology, State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil

    Raimunda Nonata Fortes Carvalho Neta, Zafira da Silva de Almeida & Lígia Tchaicka

  2. Postgraduate Program of Aquatic Resources and Fishery (PPGRAP/UEMA), State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil

    Débora Batista Pinheiro Sousa

  3. Department of Clinical Veterinary, State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil

    Inaldo Carvalho de Macêdo Sobrinho & Alana Lislea de Sousa

  4. Department of Anthropology, Ecological and Environmental, University of Georgia (UGA), Athens, GA, USA

    Emily Yarbrough Horton

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  1. Raimunda Nonata Fortes Carvalho Neta
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Correspondence to Raimunda Nonata Fortes Carvalho Neta.

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Fortes Carvalho Neta, R.N., Pinheiro Sousa, D.B., de Macêdo Sobrinho, I.C. et al. Genotoxic and hematological parameters in Colossoma macropomum (Pisces, Serrasalmidae) as biomarkers for environmental impact assessment in a protected area in northeastern Brazil. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 15994–16003 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4748-4

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