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Source Apportionment of PM2.5 in Delhi, India Using PMF Model

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Abstract

Chemical characterization of PM2.5 [organic carbon, elemental carbon, water soluble inorganic ionic components, and major and trace elements] was carried out for a source apportionment study of PM2.5 at an urban site of Delhi, India from January, 2013, to December, 2014. The annual average mass concentration of PM2.5 was 122 ± 94.1 µg m−3. Strong seasonal variation was observed in PM2.5 mass concentration and its chemical composition with maxima during winter and minima during monsoon. A receptor model, positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied for source apportionment of PM2.5 mass concentration. The PMF model resolved the major sources of PM2.5 as secondary aerosols (21.3 %), followed by soil dust (20.5 %), vehicle emissions (19.7 %), biomass burning (14.3 %), fossil fuel combustion (13.7 %), industrial emissions (6.2 %) and sea salt (4.3 %).

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to the Director, CSIR-NPL, New Delhi and Head, Radio and Atmospheric Sciences Division (RASD), CSIR-NPL, New Delhi for their encouragement. The authors also acknowledge the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi for providing partial financial support for this study (PSC-0112 Project). Authors thankfully acknowledge to Ms. Nikki Choudhary, Ms. Renu Masiwal, Dr. Anshu Gupta and Dr. N.C. Gupta, University School of Environment Management, GGS IP University, Delhi, India for partial sample collection and discussion.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Radio and Atmospheric Sciences Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K S Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India

    S. K. Sharma, T. K. Mandal, Srishti Jain,  Saraswati, A. Sharma & Mohit Saxena

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  1. S. K. Sharma
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  2. T. K. Mandal
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  3. Srishti Jain
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  4. Saraswati
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  5. A. Sharma
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  6. Mohit Saxena
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Correspondence to S. K. Sharma.

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Sharma, S.K., Mandal, T.K., Jain, S. et al. Source Apportionment of PM2.5 in Delhi, India Using PMF Model. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 97, 286–293 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-016-1836-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-016-1836-1

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