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Origin of the volcanic-hosted Yamansu Fe deposit, Eastern Tianshan, NW China: constraints from pyrite Re-Os isotopes, stable isotopes, and in situ magnetite trace elements

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Abstract

The Yamansu Fe deposit (32 Mt at 51% Fe) in the Eastern Tianshan Orogenic Belt of NW China is hosted in early Carboniferous volcano-sedimentary rocks and spatially associated with skarn. The paragenetic sequence includes garnet-diopside (I), magnetite (II), hydrous silicate-sulfide (III), and calcite-quartz (IV) stages. Pyrite associated with magnetite has a Re-Os isochron age of 322 ± 7 Ma, which represents the timing of pyrite and, by inference, magnetite mineralization. Pyrite has δ34SVCDT values of − 2.2 to + 2.9‰, yielding δ34SH2S values of − 3.1 to 2‰, indicating the derivation of sulfur from a magmatic source. Calcite from stages II and IV has δ13CVPDB values from − 2.5 to − 1.2‰, and − 1.1 to 1.1‰, and δ18OVSMOW values from 11.8 to 12.0‰ and − 7.7 to − 5.2‰, respectively. Calculated δ13C values of fluid CO2 and water δ18O values indicate that stage II hydrothermal fluids were derived from magmatic rocks and that meteoric water mixed with the hydrothermal fluids in stage IV. Some ores contain magnetite with obvious chemical zoning composed of dark and light domains in BSE images. Dark domains have higher Mg, Al, Ca, Mn, and Ti but lower Fe and Cr contents than light domains. The chemical zoning resulted from a fluctuating fluid composition and/or physicochemical conditions (oscillatory zoning), or dissolution-precipitation (irregular zoning) via infiltration of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids diluted by late meteoric water. Iron was mainly derived from fluids similar to that in skarn deposits.

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Acknowledgments

Field work was helped by staff of the Yamansu deposit. Zengsheng Li and Zhihui Dai are thanked for EPMA and LA-ICP-MS analyses, respectively. Ning An and Jing Gu are thanked for stable isotope analyses. We also thank the two editors (Bernd Lehmann and Ruizhong Hu), Ryan Mathur, and an anonymous reviewer who significantly improved the manuscript.

Funding

This work was jointly supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41503039 and 41673050), the Chinese 973 project (2012CB416804), and the “CAS Hundred Talents” Project to J.F. Gao (Y5CJ038000).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China

    Xiao-Wen Huang, Jian-Feng Gao, Liang Qi & Chuan Lyu

  2. Département de géologie et de génie géologique, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V0A6, Canada

    Xiao-Wen Huang & Georges Beaudoin

  3. Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China

    Mei-Fu Zhou

  4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Chuan Lyu

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  1. Xiao-Wen Huang
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  2. Mei-Fu Zhou
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  3. Georges Beaudoin
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  4. Jian-Feng Gao
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  5. Liang Qi
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  6. Chuan Lyu
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Correspondence to Mei-Fu Zhou.

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Editorial handling: R. Hu

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Huang, XW., Zhou, MF., Beaudoin, G. et al. Origin of the volcanic-hosted Yamansu Fe deposit, Eastern Tianshan, NW China: constraints from pyrite Re-Os isotopes, stable isotopes, and in situ magnetite trace elements. Miner Deposita 53, 1039–1060 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-018-0794-4

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