Indeterminate meiotic restitution (IMR): a novel type of meiotic nuclear restitution mechanism detected in interspecific lily hybrids by GISH

Abstract  

A detailed analysis of microsporogenesis was carried out in three diploid lily cultivars (2n=2x=24) and three diploid interspecific hybrids (2n=2x=24) using DNA in situ hybridisation methods (GISH and FISH). In cvs. Gelria (Lilium longiflorum; L genome), Connecticut King and Mont Blanc (both Asiatic hybrids; Agenome) meiosis was regular and only haploid gametes were formed while the three interspecific hybrids between L. longiflorum×Asiatic hybrid (LA) showed a variable frequency of meiotic nuclear restitution and stainable 2n-pollen formation ranging from 3% to 30%. An analysis of meiotic chromosome behaviour of the LA hybrids through GISH and FISH revealed that: (1) the parental chromosomes could be clearly discriminated into univalents, half-bivalents and bivalents in the PMCs; (2) in some of the PMCs the entire complement was present either as univalents or half-bivalents which had the potential to divide equationally (following centromere division) during the first division leading to first division restitution (FDR) gametes; (3) more frequently, however, in one and the same PMC the univalents and half-bivalents divided equationally whereas the bivalents disjoined reductionally at the same time giving rise to 2n-gametes that could vary from the well-known FDR or SDR 2n-gametes. We indicate this novel type of restitution mechanism as Indeterminate Meiotic Restitution (IMR). In order to confirm the occurrence of IMR gametes, the chromosome constitutions of eight triploid BC₁ progenies derived from backcrossing the 2n-gamete producing the LAhybrids to the Asiatic hybrid parents were analysed through in situ hybridisation. The results indicated that there were seven BC₁ plants in which FDR 2n-gametes, with or without homoeologous recombinations, were functional, whereas in one case the 2n-gamete resulting from IMR was functional. In the latter, there was evidence for the occurrence of genetic recombination through homoeologous crossing-over as well as through the assortment of homoeologous chromosomes. A singular feature of the IMR 2n-gamete was that although it transmitted a euploid number of 24 chromosomes to the BC₁ progeny, the number of chromosomes transmitted from the two parental species was dissimilar: 9 L-genome chromosomes and 15 A-genome chromosomes instead of 12 of each.