Abstract
We report the isolation of Pi1, a gene conferring broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae). Using loss- and gain-of-function approaches, we demonstrate that Pi1 is an allele at the Pik locus. Like other alleles at this locus, Pi1 consists of two genes. A functional nucleotide polymorphism (FNP) was identified that allows differentiation of Pi1 from other Pik alleles and other non-Pik genes. A extensive germplasm survey using this FNP reveals that Pi1 is a rare allele in germplasm collections and one that has conferred durable resistance to a broad spectrum of pathogen isolates.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Asano K, Yamasaki M, Takuno S, Miura K, Katagiri S, Ito T, Doi K, Wu J, Ebana K, Matsumoto T, Innan H, Kitano H, Ashikari M, Matsuoka M (2011) Artificial selection for a green revolution gene during japonica rice domestication. Proc Natl Acad Sci 108:11034–11039
Ashikawa I, Hayashi N, Yamane H, Kanamori H, Wu J, Matsumoto T, Ono K, Yano M (2008) Two adjacent nucleotide-binding site-leucine rich repeat class genes are required to confer Pikm-specific rice blast resistance. Genetics 180:2267–2276
Bai J, Pennill LA, Ning J, Lee S, Ramalingam J, Webb C, Zhao B, Sun Q (2002) Diversity in nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat genes in cereals. Genome Res 12:1871–1884
Brunner S, Hurni S, Streckeisen P, Mayr G, Albrecht M, Yahiaoui N, Keller B (2010) Intragenic allele pyramiding combines different specificities of wheat Pm3 resistance alleles. Plant J 64:433–445
Büschges R, Hollricher K, Panstruga R, Simons G, Wolter M, Frijters A, van Daelen R, van der Lee T, Diergaarde P, Groenendijk J, Töpsch S, Vos P, Salamini F, Schulzelefert P (1997) The barley mlo gene: a novel control element of plant pathogen resistance. Cell 88:695–705
Ellis JG, Lawrence GJ, Luck JE, Dodds PN (1999) Identification of regions in alleles of the flax rust resistance gene L that determine differences in gene-for-gene specificity. Plant Cell 11:495–506
Fuentes JL, Correa-Victoria FJ, Escobar F, Prado G, Aricapa G, Duque MC, Tohme J (2008) Identification of microsatellite markers linked to the blast resistance gene Pi-1(t) in rice. Euphytica 160:295–304
Gross BL, Steffen FT, Olsen KM (2010) The molecular basis of white pericarps in African domesticated rice: novel mutations at the Rc gene. Evol Biol 23:2747–2753
Hausner G, Rashid KY, Kenaschuk EO, Procunier JD (1999) The development of codominant PCR/RFLP based markers for the flax rust-resistance alleles at the L locus. Genome 42:1–8
Hayashi K, Hashimoto N, Daigen M, Ashikawa I (2004) Development of PCR-based SNP markers for rice blast resistance genes at the Piz locus. Theor Appl Genet 108:1212–1220
Hayashi K, Yasuda N, Fujita Y, Koizumi S, Yoshida H (2010) Identification of the blast resistance gene Pit in rice cultivars using functional markers. Theor Appl Genet 121:1357–1367
Hittalmani S, Parco A, Mew TV, Zeigler RS (2000) Fine mapping and DNA marker-assisted pyramiding of three major genes for blast resistance in rice. Theor Appl Genet 100:1121–1128
Holub EB (2001) The arms race is ancient history in Arabidopsis, the wildflower. Nat Rev Cenet 2:516–527
Hu J, Li X, Wu C (2010) Gene pyramiding to improve the resistance of rice hybrids to brown planthopper and blast disease using molecular marker-assisted selection. Mol Plant Breed 8:1180–1187 (in Chinese)
Huang N, Angeles ER, Domingo J, Magpantay G, Singh S, Zhang G, Kumaravadivel N, Bennett J, Khush GS (1997) Pyramiding of bacterial blight resistance genes in rice: marker-assisted selection using RFLP and PCR. Theor Appl Genet 95:313–320
Inukai T, Nelson RJ, Zeigler RS, Sarkarung S, Mackill DJ, Bonman JM, Takamure I, Kinoshita T (1994) Allelism of blast resistance genes in near-isogenic lines of rice. Phytopathology 84:1278–1283
Khush GS, Jena KK (2009) Current status and future prospects for research on blast resistance in rice (Oryza sative L.). In: Wang GL, Valent B (eds) Advances in genetics, genomics and control of rice blast disease. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 1–10
Kiyosawa S (1987) With genetic view on the mechanism of resistance and virulence. Jpn J Genet 41:89–92
Krattinger SG, Lagudah ES, Spielmeyer W, Singh RP, Huerta-Espino J, McFadden H, Bossolini E, Selter LL, Keller B (2009) A putative ABC transporter confers durable resistance to multiple fungal pathogens in wheat. Science 323:1360–1363
Lee S, Costanzo S, Jia Y, Olsen KM, Caicedo AL (2009) Evolutionary dynamics of the genomic region around the blast resistance gene Pi-ta in AA genome Oryza species. Genetics 183:1315–1325
Li J, Li C, Chen Y, Lei C, Ling Z (2005) Evaluation of twenty-two blast resistance genes in Yunnan using monogenetic rice lines. Acta Phytophylacica Sin 32:113–119 (in Chinese)
Li L, Wang L, Jing J, Li Z, Lin F, Pan Q (2007) The Pikm gene, conferring stable resistance to isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae was finely mapped in a crossover-cold region on rice chromosome 11. Mol Breed 20:179–188
Linares OF (2002) African rice (Oryza glaberrima): history and future potential. Proc Natl Acad Sci 99:16360–16365
Liu J, Wang X, Mitchell T, Hu Y, Liu X, Dai L, Wang GL (2010) Recent progress and understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the rice–Magnaporthe oryzae interaction. Mol Plant Pathol 11:419–427
Mackill DJ, Bonman LM (1992) Inheritance of blast resistance in near-isogenic lines of rice. Phytopathology 82:746–749
Pan Q, Hu Z, Tanisaka T, Wang L (2003) Fine mapping of the blast resistance gene Pi15, linked to Pii, on rice chromosome 9. Acta Bot Sin 45:871–877
Perumalsamy S, Bharani M, Sudha M, Nagarajan P, Arul L, Saraswathi R, Balasubramanian P, Ramalingam J (2010) Functional marker-assisted selection for bacterial leaf blight resistance genes in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Breed 129:400–406
Qu S, Liu G, Zhou B, Bellizzi M, Zeng L, Dai L, Han B, Wang GL (2006) The broad-spectrum blast resistance gene Pi9 encodes a nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rice repeat protein and is a member of a multigene family in rice. Genetics 172:1901–1914
Shomura A, Izawa T, Ebana K, Ebitani T, Kanegae H, Konishi S, Yano M (2008) Deletion in a gene associated with grain size increased yields during rice domestication. Nat Genet 40:1023–1028
Skamnioti P, Gurr SJ (2009) Against the grain: safeguarding rice from rice blast disease. Trend Biotechnol 27:141–150
Tacconi G, Baldassarre V, Lanzanova C, Faivre-Rampant O, Cavigiolo S, Urso S, Lupotto E, Valè G (2010) Polymorphism analysis of genomic regions associated with broad-spectrum effective blast resistance genes for marker development in rice. Mol Breed 26:595–617
Tommasini L, Yahiaoui N, Srichumpa P, Keller B (2006) Development of functional markers specific for seven Pm3 resistance alleles and their validation in the bread wheat gene pool. Theor Appl Genet 114:165–175
Wang GL, Song WY, Ruan DL, Sideris S, Ronald PC (1996) The closed gene, Xa21, confers resistance to multiple Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae isolates in transgenic plants. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 9:850–855
Wang L, Xu X, Lin F, Pan Q (2009) Characterization of rice blast resistance genes in the Pik cluster and fine mapping of the Pik-p locus. Phytopathology 99:900–905
Xu X, Hayashi N, Wang CT, Kato H, Fujimura T, Kawasaki S (2008) Efficient authentic fine mapping of the rice blast resistance gene Pik-h in the Pik cluster, using new Pik-h-differentiating isolates. Mol Breed 22:289–299
Yang X, Zhu C, Ruan H, Du Y, Guan R, Chen F (2008) Pathogenic types of Magnaporthe grisea Barr. and resistance of some rice cultivars to the pathogens in Fujian province. J Fujian Agr Fore Uni 37:243–247 (in Chinese)
Yuan B, Zhai C, Wang W, Zeng X, Xu X, Hu H, Lin F, Wang L, Pan Q (2011) The Pik-p resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae in rice is mediated by a pair of closely linked CC-NBS-LRR genes. Theor Appl Genet 122:1017–1028
Zhai C, Lin F, Dong Z, He X, Yuan B, Zeng X, Wang L, Pan Q (2011) The isolation and characterization of Pik, a rice blast resistance gene which emerged after rice domestication. New Phytol 189:321–334
Zhang C, Ma J, Xiao J, Liu Y, Xin A, Ren Y (2010) The blast resistance of 24 monogenic rice lines to prevalence physiologic races of Heilongjiang and analysis of pathogenicity association. Chi Agr Sci Bull 26:233–237 (in Chinese)
Acknowledgments
We thank Z. Wang (Fujian Agricultural University), Z. Zhao (Hunan Province Agricultural Academy of Sciences), D. Lu (Sichuan Province Agricultural Academy Sciences), J. Yuan (Guizhou Province Agricultural Academy of Sciences), Z. Liu (Shenyang Agricultural University), X. Guo (Jilin Province Agricultural Academy of Sciences) and G. Zhang (Heilongjiang Province Agricultural Academy of Sciences) for providing blast isolates. This study was supported by the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (U1131003), the National 973 project (2011CB1007) and the National Transgenic Research Projects (2009ZX08009-023B; 2011ZX08001-002).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Communicated by P. Hayes.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hua, L., Wu, J., Chen, C. et al. The isolation of Pi1, an allele at the Pik locus which confers broad spectrum resistance to rice blast. Theor Appl Genet 125, 1047–1055 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-012-1894-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-012-1894-7