Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Development of functional markers specific for seven Pm3 resistance alleles and their validation in the bread wheat gene pool

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Theoretical and Applied Genetics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the ideal case, molecular markers used for marker-assisted selection are allele-specific even if the alleles differ only by a few nucleotide polymorphisms within the coding sequence of target genes. Such ‘perfect’ markers are completely correlated with the trait of interest. In hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) the Pm3 locus encodes seven alleles (Pm3a–Pm3g) conferring resistance to different races of Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici, the agent of powdery mildew, a major disease of bread wheat. All Pm3 alleles are known at the molecular level. Here, we generated specific markers for the Pm3 alleles based on nucleotide polymorphisms of coding and adjacent non-coding regions. The specificity of these markers was validated in a collection of 93 modern or historically important cultivars and breeding lines of wheat and spelt (Triticum spelta L.). These markers confirmed the presence of the predicted Pm3 alleles in 31 varieties and lines known to carry Pm3 resistance alleles. In a few varieties, Pm3 alleles different from alleles previously described based on pathogenicity tests or tightly linked markers were observed. In all these cases, the identity of the marker-detected Pm3 alleles was confirmed by DNA sequence analysis. Pm3 markers confirmed the absence of known Pm3 resistance alleles in 54 European wheat and spelt varieties in which Pm3 alleles had not been previously identified. These results indicate that the developed markers are highly diagnostic for specific Pm3 resistance alleles in a wide range of varieties and breeding lines, and will be useful (1) for identifying Pm3 alleles in the wheat gene pool, (2) for efficient marker-assisted selection of these genes, and (3) for combining multiple Pm3 alleles within a single cultivar through transgenic approaches.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Andersen JR, Lübberstedt T (2003) Functional markers in plants. Trends Plant Sci 8:1360–1385

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett FGA (1984) Resistance to powdery mildew in wheat: a review of its use in agriculture and breeding programmes. Plant Pathol 33:279–300

    Google Scholar 

  • Beschreibende Sortenliste Getreide (1997) Mais, Oelfruechte, Leguminosen, Hackfruechte. Herausgegeben vom Bundessortenamt. Hannover

  • Bougot Y, Lemoine J, Pavoine MT, Barloy D, Doussinault G (2002) Identification of a microsatellite marker associated with Pm3 resistance alleles to powdery mildew in wheat. Plant Breed 121:325–329

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Briggle LW (1969) Near-Isogenic lines of wheat with genes for resistance to Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici. Crop Sci 9:70–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Briggle LW, Sears ER (1966) Linkage of resistance to Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici (Pm3) and hairy glume (Hg) on chromosome 1A of wheat. Crop Sci 6:559

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chung YS, Griffey CA (1995) Powdery mildew resistance in winter wheat: II. Identity of resistance genes. Crop Sci 35:383–388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis MH, Spielmeyer W, Gale KR, Rebetzke GJ, Richards RA (2002) “Perfect” markers for the Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b dwarfing genes in wheat. Theor Appl Genet 105:1038–1042

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feuillet C, Keller B (2004) Molecular markers for disease resistance: the example wheat. In: H. Lörz and G. Wenzel (eds) Biotechnol Agric For, Vol. 55, Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 353–364

  • Flor HH (1971) Current status of gene-for-gene concept. Annu Rev Phytopathol 9:275–296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartl L, Weiss H, Zeller FJ, Jahoor A (1993) The use of RFLP markers for the identification of alleles of the Pm locus conferring powdery mildew resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 86:959–963

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hausner G, Rashid KY, Kenaschuk EO, Procunier JD (1999) The development of codominant PCR/RFLP based markers for the flax rust-resistance alleles at the L locus. Genome 42:1–8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hsam SLK, Zeller FJ (2002) Breeding for powdery mildew resistance in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In: Bléanger RR, Bushnell WR, Dik AJ, Carver TLW (eds) The powdery mildews a comprehensive treatise. APS Press, St Paul, pp 219–238

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang X-Q, Röder MS (2004) Molecular mapping of powdery mildew resistance genes in wheat: a review. Euphytica 137:203–223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang XQ, Röder MS (2005) Development of SNP assays for genotyping the puroindoline b gene for grain hardness in wheat using pyrosequencing. J Agric Food Chem 53:2070–2075

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang X-Q, Hsam SLK, Mohler V, Röder MS, Zeller FJ (2004) Genetic mapping of three alleles at the Pm3 locus conferring powdery mildew resistance in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Genome 47:1130–1136

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lande R, Thompson R (1990) Efficiency of marker-assisted selection in the improvement of quantitative traits. Genetics 124:743–756

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langridge P, Lagudah ES, Holton TA, Appels R, Sharp PJ et al. (2001) Trends in genetic and genome analyses in wheat: a review. Aust J Agric Res 52:1043–1077

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leath S, Heun M (1990) Identification of wheat powdery mildew resistance genes in cultivars of soft red winter wheat. Plant Dis 74:747–752

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma ZQ, Sorrels ME, Tanksley SD (1994) RFLP markers linked to powdery mildew resistance genes Pm1, Pm2, Pm3, and Pm4 in wheat. Genome 37:871–875

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McIntosh RA, Devos KM, Dubcovsky J, Morris CF, Rogers WJ (2003) Catalogue of gene symbols for wheat. http://www.wheat.pw.usda.gov/ggpages/wgc/2003upd.html

  • Murphy JP, Leath S, Huynh D, Navarro RA, Shi A (1999) Registration of NC96BGTA4, NC96BGTA5, and NC96BGTA6 wheat germplasm. Crop Sci 39:883

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Punja ZK (2001) Genetic engineering of plants to enhance resistance to fungal pathogens—a review of progress and future prospects. Can J Plant Pathol 23:216–235

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sears ER (1966) Nullisomic-tetrasomic combinations in hexaploid wheat. In: Riley R, Lewis KR (eds) Chromosome manipulations and plant genetics. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, pp 29–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Shi AN, Leath S, Murphy JP (1998) A major gene for powdery mildew resistance transferred to common wheat from wild Einkorn wheat. Phytopathology 88:144–147

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siedler H, Messmer MM, Schachermayr GM, Winzeler H, Winzeler M et al. (1994) Genetic diversity in European wheat and spelt breeding material based on RFLP data. Theor Appl Genet 88:994–1003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sourdille P, Robe P, Tixier MH, Doussinault G, Pavoine MT et al. (1999) Location of Pm3g, a powdery mildew resistance allele in wheat, by using a monosomic analysis and by identifying associated molecular markers. Euphytica 110:193–198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Srichumpa P, Brunner S, Keller B, Yahiaoui N (2005) Allelic series of four powdery mildew resistance genes at the Pm3 locus in hexaploid bread wheat. Plant Physiol 139:885–895

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stein N, Herren G, Keller B (2001) A new DNA extraction method for high-throughput marker analysis in a large-genome species such as Triticum aestivum. Plant Breed 120:354–356

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Svec M, Miklovicova M (1998) Structure of populations of wheat powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC f.sp. tritici Marchal) in Central Europe in 1993–1996: I. Dynamics of virulence. Eur J Plant Pathol 104:537–544

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Szunics L, Szunics L, Vida G, Bedo Z, Svec M (2001) Dynamics of changes in the races and virulence of wheat powdery mildew in Hungary between 1971 and 1999. Euphytica 119:143–147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tanhuanpää P, Vilkki J, Vihinen M (1998) Mapping and cloning of FAD2 gene to develop allele-specific PCR for oleic acid in spring turnip rape (Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera). Mol Breed 4:543–550

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG (1997) The Clustal_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tool. Nucl Acids Res 25:4876–4882

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yahiaoui N, Srichumpa P, Dudler R, Keller B (2004) Genome analysis at different ploidy levels allows cloning of the powdery mildew resistant gene Pm3b from hexaploid wheat. Plant J 37:528–538

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yahiaoui N, Brunner S, Keller B (2006) Rapid generation of new powdery mildew resistance genes after wheat domestication. Plant J 47:85–98

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yeam I, Kang BC, Lindeman W, Frantz JD, Faber N et al. (2005) Allele-specific CAPS markers based on point mutations in resistance alleles at the pvr1 locus encoding eIF4E in Capsicum. Theor Appl Genet 112:178–186

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeller FJ, Hsam SLK (1998) Progress in breeding for resistance to powdery mildew in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In: Slinkard AE (ed) Proceedings of the 9th international wheat genetics symposium, vol 1. University Extension Press, Saskatoon, pp 178–180

  • Zeller FJ, Lutz J, Stephan U (1993) Chromosome location of genes for resistance to powdery mildew in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). 1. Milk and other alleles at the Pm3 locus. Euphytica 68:223–229

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang W, Gianibelli MC, Ma W, Rampling L, Gale KR (2003) Identification of SNPs and development of allele-specific PCR markers for gamma-gliadin alleles in Triticum aestivum. Theor Appl Genet 107:130–138

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grant no. 3100AD-105620 of the Swiss National Science Foundation and by the University of Zurich. We thank Dr. D. Fossati, FAL Reckenholz, the National Small Grains Research Facility (Aberdeen, Idaho), Dr. F.J. Zeller, Dr. R. Parks, Dr. J. Enjalbert, Prof. W. E. Weber, Dr. A. Spanakakis, Dr. M. Trottet and Dr. J. Koenig who kindly supplied us with seeds of the varieties screened.

Author information

Author notes

  1. L. Tommasini

    Present address: Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, 2150 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA, 92521-0124, USA

  2. P. Srichumpa

    Present address: Ubon Ratchathani Rice Research Center, P.O. Box 65, Muang District, 34000, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstr. 107, 8008, Zürich, Switzerland

    L. Tommasini, N. Yahiaoui, P. Srichumpa & B. Keller

Authors
  1. L. Tommasini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. N. Yahiaoui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. P. Srichumpa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. B. Keller
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to B. Keller.

Additional information

Communicated by P. Langridge.

Electronic supplementary material

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tommasini, L., Yahiaoui, N., Srichumpa, P. et al. Development of functional markers specific for seven Pm3 resistance alleles and their validation in the bread wheat gene pool. Theor Appl Genet 114, 165–175 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-006-0420-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-006-0420-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation