Abstract
Identification of resistance (R) genes to Phytophthora infestans is an essential step in molecular breeding of potato. We identified three specific R genes segregating in a diploid mapping population. One of the R genes is located on chromosome 4 and proved phenotypically indistinguishable from the Solanum demissum-derived R2, although S. demissum is not directly involved in the pedigree of the population. By bulked segregant analysis combined with a resistance assay, a genetic linkage map of the R2-like locus was constructed with 30 coupling and 23 repulsion phase AFLP markers. Two markers flanking the R2-like locus were applied to screen an extended population of 1,586 offspring. About 103 recombinants were selected, and an accurate high-resolution map was constructed. The R2-like resistance was localized in a 0.4 cM interval and was found co-segregating with four AFLP markers, which can be used to isolate the R2-like gene by map-based gene cloning. By analyzing race-specificity and R gene-specific molecular markers, we also found that an R1-like gene and an additional unknown R gene are segregating in the population.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ballvora A, Ercolano MR, Weiß J, Meksem K, Bormann CA, Oberhagemann P, Salamini F, Gebhardt C (2002) The R1 gene for potato resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans) belongs to the leucine zipper/NBS/LRR class of plant resistance genes. Plant J 30:361–371
Black W, Mastenbroek C, Mills WR, Peterson LC (1953) A proposal for an international nomenclature of races of Phytophthora infestans and of genes controlling immunity in Solanum demissum derivatives. Euphytica 2:173–240
Bradshaw JE, Hackett CA, Meyer RC, Milbourne D, McNicol JW, Phillips MS, Waugh R (1998) Identification of AFLP and SSR markers associated with quantitative resistance to Globodera pallida (Stone) in tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum) with a view to marker-assisted selection. Theor Appl Genet 97:202–210
Caten CE, Jinks JL (1968) Spontaneous variability of single isolates of Phytophthora infestans I. Cultural variation. Can J Bot 46:329–347
Duncan JM (1999) Phytophthora—an abiding threat to our crops. Microbiol Today 26:114–116
El-Kharbotly A, Leonards-Schippers C, Huigen DJ, Jacobsen E, Pereira A, Stiekema WJ, Salamini F, Gebhardt C (1994) Segregation analysis and RFLP mapping of the R1 and R3 alleles conferring race-specific resistance to Phytophthora infestans in progeny of dihaploid potato parents. Mol Gen Genet 242:749–754
El-Kharbotly A, Palomino-Sanchez C, Salamini F, Jacobsen E, Gebhardt C (1996) R6 and R7 alleles of potato conferring race-specific resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary identified genetic loci clustering with the R3 locus on chromosome XI. Theor Appl Genet 92:880–884
Flor HH (1971) Current status of the gene-for-gene concept. Annu Rev Phytopathol 9:275–296
Ganal MW, Simon R, Brommonschenkel S, Arndt M, Phillips MS, Tanksley SD, Kumar A (1995) Genetic mapping of a wide spectrum nematode resistance gene (Hero) against Globodera rostochiensis in tomato. Mol Plant Microbiol Interact 8:886–891
Gebhardt C, Ritter E, Barone A, Debener T, Walkemeier B, Schachtschabel U, Kaufmann H, Thompson RD, Bonierbale MW, Ganal MW, Tanksley SD, Salamini F (1991) RFLP maps of potato and their alignment with the homologous tomato genome. Theor Appl Genet 83:49–57
Hawkes JG (1990) The potato: evolution, biodiversity and genetic resources. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington
Huang S (2005) The discovery and characterization of the major late blight resistance complex in potato: genomic structure, functional diversity and implications. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen
Huang S, Vleeshouwers VGAA, Werij JS, Hutten RCB, van Eck HJ, Visser RGF, Jacobsen E (2004) The R3 resistance to Phytophthora infestans in potato is conferred by two closely linked R genes with distinct specificities. Mol Plant Microbiol Interact 17:428–435
Jacobs JMF, van Eck HJ, Arens P, Verkerk-Bakker B, te Lintel Hekkert B, Bastiaanssen HJM, El-Kharbotly A, Pereira A, Jacobsen E, Stiekema WJ (1995) A genetic map of potato (Solanum tuberosum) integrating molecular markers, including transposons and classical markers. Theor Appl Genet 91:289–300
de Jong W, Forsyth A, Leister D, Gebhardt C, Baulcombe DC (1997) A potato hypersensitive resistance gene against potato virus X maps to a resistance gene cluster on chromosome 5. Theor Appl Genet 95:246–252
Kreike CM, De Koning JRA, Vinke JH, van Ooijen JW, Stiekema WJ (1994) Quantitatively-inherited resistance to Globodera pallida is dominated by one major locus in Solanum spegazzinii. Theor Appl Genet 88:764–769
Leister D, Ballvora A, Salamini F, Gebhardt C (1996) A PCR-based approach for isolating pathogen resistance genes from potato with potential for wide application in plants. Nat Genet 14:421–429
Leonards-Schippers C, Gieffers W, Salamini F, Gebhardt C (1992) The R1 gene conferring race-specific resistance to Phytophthora infestans in potato is located on potato chromosome V. Mol Gen Genet 233:278–283
Li X, van Eck HJ, Rouppe van der Voort JNAM, Huigen DJ, Stam P, Jacobsen E (1998) Autotetraploids and genetic mapping using common AFLP markers: the R2 allele conferring resistance to Phytophthora infestans mapped on potato chromosome 4. Theor Appl Genet 96:1121–1128
Lukowitz W, Gillmor CS, Scheible WR (2000) Positional cloning in Arabidopsis. Why it feels good to have a genome initiative working for you. Plant Physiol 123:795–805
Malcolmson JF, Black W (1966) New R genes in Solanum demissum Lindl. and their complementary races of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. Euphytica 15:199–203
Marano MR, Malcuit I, de Jong W, Baulcombe DC (2002) High-resolution genetic map of Nb, a gene that confers hypersensitive resistance to potato virus X in Solanum tuberosum. Theor Appl Genet 105:192–200
Mastenbroek C (1953) Experiments on the inheritance of blight immunity in potatoes derived from Solanum demissum Lindl. Euphytica 2:197–206
Meksem K, Leister D, Peleman J, Zabeau M, Salamini F, Gebhardt C (1995) A high-resolution map of the vicinity of the R1 locus on chromosome V of potato based on RFLP and AFLP markers. Mol Gen Genet 249:74–81
Meyers BC, Chin DB, Shen KA, Sivaramakrishnam S, Lavelle DO, Zhang Z, Michelmore RW (1998) The major resistance gene cluster in lettuce is highly duplicated and spans several megabases. Plant Cell 10:1817–1832
Michelmore RW, Meyers BC (1998) Clusters of resistance genes in plants evolve by divergent selection and a birth-and-death process. Genome Res 8:1113–1130
Michelmore RW, Paran I, Kesseli RV (1991) Identification of markers linked to disease-resistance genes by bulked segregant analysis: a rapid method to detect markers in specific genomic regions by using segregating populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:9828–9832
Os H van, Buntjer J, Stam P, van Eck HJ (2000) Evaluation of two algorithms for the construction of genetic linkage maps. International Conference of Plant Animal Genome Research, PAG VIII, 9–12 January 2000, San Diego (http://www.intl-pag.org/pag/8/abstracts/pag8621.html)
Park TH, van der Vossen E, Vleeshouwers VGAA, Tan A, Visser RGF, van Eck HJ (2004) Major resistance genes for tuber and leaf resistance to Phytophthora infestans in potato: an outline of a PhD project. Crop Functional Genomics 2004, April 2004, Jeju, Korea, p 93
Ritter E, Debener T, Barone A, Salamini F, Gebhardt C (1991) RFLP mapping on potato chromosomes of two genes controlling extreme resistance to potato virus X (PVX). Mol Gen Genet 227:81–85
Rouppe van der Voort J, Lindeman W, Folkertsma R, Hutten R, Overmars H, van der Vossen E, Jacobsen E, Bakker J (1998) A QTL for broad-spectrum resistance to cyst nematode species (Globodera spp.) maps to a resistance gene cluster in potato. Theor Appl Genet 96:654–661
Stam P (1993) Construction of intergrated genetic linkage maps by means of a new computer package: JoinMap. Plant J 3:739–744
Vleeshouwers VGAA, van Dooijweert W, Paul Keizer LC, Sijpkes L, Govers F, Colon LT (1999) A laboratory assay for Phytophthora infestans resistance in various Solanum species reflects the field situation. Eur J Plant Pathol 105:241–250
Voorrips RE (2002) MapChart: software for the graphical presentation of linkage maps and QTLs. J Hered 93:77–78
Vos P, Hogers R, Bleeker M, Reijans M, van de Lee T, Hornes M, Frijters A, Pot J, Peleman J, Kuiper M, Zabeau M (1995) AFLP: a new technique for DNA fingerprinting. Nucleic Acids Res 23:4407–4414
van der Vossen E, Sikkema A, Hekkert BL, Gros J, Stevens P, Muskens M, Wouters D, Pereira A, Stiekema W, Allefs S (2003) An ancient R gene from the wild potato species Solanum bulbocastanum confers broad-spectrum resistance to Phytophthora infestans in cultivated potato and tomato. Plant J 36:867–882
Wu KK, Burnquist W, Sorrells ME, Tew TL, Moore PH, Tanksley SD (1992) The detection and estimation of linkage in polyploids using single-dose restriction fragments. Theor Appl Genet 83:294–300
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by G. Wenzel
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Park, T.H., Vleeshouwers, V.G.A.A., Huigen, D.J. et al. Characterization and high-resolution mapping of a late blight resistance locus similar to R2 in potato. Theor Appl Genet 111, 591–597 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-005-2050-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-005-2050-4