Abstract
In ancient Lake Baikal (East Siberia), freshwater sponges have diversified to an extraordinary degree. The skeleton of Lubomirskia baicalensis, which attains a size of up to 1 m, is constructed from spicules, which are cemented into longitudinal bundles. Our X-ray analysis revealed that the architecture of the specimens follows a highly ordered radiate accretive growth pattern. The spicules have a central axial canal with an axial filament inside. This organic filament is composed of silicatein, the major enzyme involved in silica formation of the spicules. We found that the specific activity of silicatein in samples from the non-growing (basal) zone is much lower than in those from the growth zone (tips) and that even the composition of this molecule differs in these regions. The present study shows for the first time that the turnover of silicatein, the major element of the axial canal of sponge spicules, changes within a sponge specimen depending on the region in which it is found.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Sascha Novitsky (Bolshie Koty) for valuable help in producing the images. This work was supported by grants from the European Commission (INTAS; SILIBIOTEC), WTZ Germany–Russia (German-Russian cooperation through the BMBF) and a grant from the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Science (no. 25.5) and from the RFBR (no. 03-04-49685)
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Kaluzhnaya, O.V., Belikov, S.I., Schröder, H.C. et al. Dynamics of skeleton formation in the Lake Baikal sponge Lubomirskia baicalensis. Part I. Biological and biochemical studies. Naturwissenschaften 92, 128–133 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-004-0599-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-004-0599-4