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Palmare Verbrennung der Hand

Aktuelles Therapiekonzept unter Berücksichtigung der Transplantatwahl, Sensibilität, Kraftentwicklung und Funktionalität

Burned palm reconstruction

Current concepts regarding grafting techniques, sensibility and hand function

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

In dieser Studie werden die Ergebnisse der operativen und konservativen Versorgung von isolierten Verbrennungen der palmaren Handflächen vorgestellt.

Material und Methodik

110 Patienten mit Verbrennungen der Palma manus des Schwerbrandverletztenzentrums Ludwigshafen aus den Jahren 1997 bis 2000 wurden im Mittel 28 Monate postoperativ nachuntersucht. Operativ wurden 61 Patienten mit autologer Spalthauttransplantation (43 „Sheet-“ und 18 „Mesh-Graft-Transplantationen“) versorgt. Neben einer ausführlichen subjektiven Evaluation unter Einbezug des ästhetischen Ergebnisses und der Schmerzbewertung mit der visuellen Analogskala (VAS 0–100) erfolgten klinische Untersuchungen, Kraftmessungen und Sensibilitätsmessungen durch den Semmes-Weinstein-Monofilamenttest und den 2-Punkte-Diskriminations-Test.

Ergebnisse

90% der Patienten waren mit dem Resultat sehr zufrieden. Schmerzangaben (VAS) zeigten geringe Mittelwerte von 12 Punkten in Ruhe beziehungsweise 13 Punkten nach Belastung. Die Ästhetik der „Sheet-Transplantate“ wurde überwiegend mit gut, die der „Mesh-Graft-Transplantate“ mit befriedigend und mit unzufriedenstellend bewertet. Bewegungsmessungen ergaben ein zunehmendes Funktionsdefizit mit Progression der Verbrennungstiefe. Die bessere Kraftentwicklung ermöglichten „Sheet-Transplantate“. Der Semmes-Weinstein-Monofilamenttest ergab einen mittleren Wert von 3, 4 im operierten Areal im Vergleich zu 3, 0 an den gesunden Seiten, was einer reduzierten Sensibilität nach der Verbrennungsrekonstruktion entspricht.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Versorgung von Verbrennungen an den palmaren Handflächen liefert gute objektive und subjektive Ergebnisse. Eine gute Funktion im Hinblick auf Bewegung und Kraftentwicklung sowie gute Sensibilitätsverhältnisse können wieder hergestellt werden. Die Verwendung von „Sheet-Transplantaten“ scheint neben einer befriedigenderen Ästhetik auch bessere Funktions- und Sensibilitätsverhältnisse im Vergleich zu „Mesh-Transplantaten“ zu ermöglichen.

Abstract

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of conservative and operative treatment for burn injuries in the palmar region of the hand.

Methods and clinical material

One hundred ten patients from the severe burn center in Ludwigshafen, Germany were evaluated a mean of 28 months postoperatively. Sixty-one had been treated with split-thickness skin grafts (43 sheet and 18 mesh grafts). In addition to subjective evaluation (including pain assessment and aesthetic outcome rating by visual analog scale), objective outcome analysis included clinical tests, measurement of active range of motion and grip strength, and sensibility testing with the two-point discrimination and Semmes-Weinstein monofilament tests.

Results

Of the patients, 90% were satisfied with the results, showing excellent pain relief with an average score under 13 on the visual analog scale. Aesthetic outcome was rated good with sheet grafts; in appearance, mesh grafts tended to be rated average or insufficient. Functional outcome tests demonstrated a significant correlation between depth of injury and range of motion. Grip strength analysis revealed superior results with sheet grafts. Sensibility in the injured areas was lower than on the contralateral hands. The Semmes-Weinstein test average was 3.4° at the burned area vs 3.0° in healthy hands, underscoring lower sensibility after burns.

Conclusion

Surgical treatment of burned palms leads to good subjective and objective results, if specialized burn units are involved. Overall sheet transplantation seems to be the better choice for surgical reconstruction of the palmar burned hand.

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Anmerkung

Diese Arbeit ist unserem am 30.04.2001 tödlich verunglückten Freund und Kollegen Dr. med. Ramin Rahnama gewidmet, ohne dessen Mitarbeit dieser Beitrag nicht möglich gewesen wäre.

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Correspondence to M. Sauerbier.

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Demir, E., Rahnama, R., Gazyakan, E. et al. Palmare Verbrennung der Hand. Chirurg 77, 367–375 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-005-1133-8

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