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Epigenetik und Schmerz

Epigenetics and pain

  • Schmerztherapie
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Zusammenfassung

Chronische Schmerzen belasten weltweit fast ein Fünftel aller Erwachsenen und können zu starken Einschränkungen der Lebensqualität sowie verschiedenen Komorbiditäten führen. Konventionelle analgetische Therapien sind häufig nur unzureichend und teilweise mit schwerwiegenden Nebenwirkungen assoziiert. Daher wird mit unverminderten Anstrengungen versucht, die Signalwege bei Schmerzen weiteraufzudecken und so neue Behandlungsstrategien zu entwickeln. Epigenetische Mechanismen, die in die Genregulation eingreifen können, spielen bei vielen Erkrankungen eine Rolle und rücken zunehmend in den Fokus der medizinischen Forschung. Sie sind auch an der Entstehung und Verarbeitung von Schmerzen beteiligt, sodass die Modulation dieser Vorgänge eine neue Therapieoption für Schmerzpatienten darstellen könnte.

Abstract

Chronic pain affects approximately 20 % of adults worldwide and is often associated with a decrease in the quality of life and various comorbidities. Conventional analgesic therapies are frequently insufficient and sometimes lead to severe side effects. Therefore, great efforts are still being made to elucidate the signalling pathways in pain and to develop new, safe and effective therapies. Epigenetic mechanisms which interfere with the regulation of gene expression are involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases and are gaining increasing impetus in medical research. As they are also involved in pain processing, a modulation of these mechanisms might represent a novel option for the therapy of pain patients.

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Abbreviations

BDNF:

„brain-derived neurotrophic factor“

Cav1.2-LTC:

„Cav1.2-comprising“-L-Typ-Kalziumkanal

CpG:

Cytosin-phosphatidyl-Guanin

DNA:

„deoxyribonucleic acid“ (Desoxyribonukleinsäure)

DNMT:

Desoxyribonukleinsäuremethyltransferasen

GABA:

γ-Aminobuttersäure

HAT:

Histonacetyltransferasen

HDAC:

Histondeacetylasen

HDM:

Histondemethylasen

HMT:

Histonmethyltransferasen

JIA:

juvenile idiopathische Arthritis

MeCP2:

Methyl-CpG-Bindeprotein

NFκB:

„nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells“

RNA:

„ribonucleic acid“ (Ribonukleinsäure)

RISC:

„RNA-induced silencing complex“

UTR:

untranslatierte Region

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. E. Niederberger gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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  1. pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt a. M., Deutschland

    E. Niederberger

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Niederberger, E. Epigenetik und Schmerz. Anaesthesist 63, 63–69 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-013-2274-7

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