Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

De-escalated radiotherapy for indolent primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma

Deeskalierte Strahlentherapie beim indolenten primär kutanen B-Zell-Lymphom

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Strahlentherapie und Onkologie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

Radiotherapy (RT) has an established role in the curative treatment of indolent primary cutaneous B‑cell lymphoma (PCBCL). With the role of low-dose regimens such as 2 × 2 Gy being uncertain, we compared conventional-dose RT to a low-dose approach and investigated outcome and toxicities.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 26 patients with 44 cutaneous lesions treated at our institution between 2007 and 2017, comprising 22 marginal zone lymphoma (PCMZL) lesions and 22 follicle center lymphoma (PCFCL) lesions. Seven lesions (16%) were treated with low-dose RT (LDRT) (4 Gy) and 37 (84%) with conventional-dose RT (≥24 Gy, median 40 Gy). Median follow-up duration was 76 months.

Results

The overall response rate (ORR) was 91% (complete response rate [CRR]: 75%). The 5‑year local control rate (LCR) was 88% and the 10-year LCR was 84%. The response rates were significantly higher following conventional-dose RT (ORR: 92% vs. 86%; CRR: 84% vs. 29%; P = 0.007). In terms of radiation dose, the rate of infield relapses (14% vs. 11%, P = 0.4) and the 5‑year LCR (86% vs. 90%, P = 0.4) were comparable in the LDRT and conventional-dose RT groups. During RT courses, about two-thirds of patients experienced mild toxicities, with grade I and II acute toxicity rates of 61% and 9%, respectively, with lower incidences of grade I (14% vs. 70%) and grade II (0% vs. 8%, P = 0.004) toxicities following LDRT.

Conclusion

This long-term analysis confirms the excellent outcome of RT in the management of PCBCL. The LDRT concept with 4 Gy was associated with a comparable LCR and reduced rates of acute toxicity. However, the response rates were significantly lower for this group and LDRT may therefore not be recommended as standard treatment.

Zusammenfassung

Zielsetzung

Die Strahlentherapie (RT) hat eine etablierte Rolle in der kurativen Behandlung indolenter primär kutaner B‑Zell-Lymphome (PCBCL). Die Rolle einer Niedrigdosis-Behandlung (z. B. 2 × 2 Gy) wird kontrovers diskutiert, sodass in der folgenden Studie ein Vergleich der konventionellen RT-Dosis mit einem Niedrigdosis-Konzept erfolgte und hierbei Effektivität und Toxizitäten analysiert wurden.

Material und Methoden

In einer retrospektiven Analyse wurden 26 Patienten mit 44 kutanen Läsionen identifiziert, die zwischen 2007 und 2017 an unserer Klinik behandelt wurden. Hierunter waren 22 Läsionen von Marginalzonenlymphomen (PCMZL) und 22 Läsionen von Follikelzentrumslymphomen (PCFCL). Es wurden 7 Läsionen (16 %) mit Niedrigdosis-RT (LDRT) (4 Gy) behandelt und 37 Läsionen (84 %) mit einer RT in konventioneller Dosis (≥24 Gy, im Median 40 Gy). Das mediane Follow-up betrug 76 Monate.

Ergebnisse

Die Gesamtansprechrate (ORR) lag bei 91 % (komplette Ansprechrate [CRR]: 75 %). Die 5‑Jahres-Lokalkontrollrate (LCR) war 88 % und die 10-Jahres-LCR 84 %. Die Ansprechraten waren nach Bestrahlung in konventioneller Dosis signifikant höher (ORR: 92 % vs. 86 %; CRR: 84 % vs. 29 %; P = 0,007). Im Hinblick auf die Rate an „Infield“-Rezidiven (14 % vs. 11 %; P = 0,4) und die 5‑Jahres-LCR (86 % vs. 90 %; P = 0,4) waren die Gruppen der LDRT und der konventionellen Bestrahlung vergleichbar. Während der RT traten Grad-I-Toxizitäten bei 61 % und Grad-2-Toxizitäten bei 9 % der Patienten auf, mit signifikant weniger Akuttoxizitäten vom Grad I (14 % vs. 70 %) und vom Grad II (0 % vs. 8 %; P = 0,004) in der LDRT-Gruppe.

Schlussfolgerung

Diese Langzeitanalyse bestätigt die exzellenten Ergebnisse der RT in der Behandlung von PCBCL. Die LDRT mit 4 Gy war mit einer vergleichbaren LCR und niedrigeren Toxizitäten verbunden. Allerdings waren die Ansprechraten signifikant niedriger, sodass die LDRT nicht als Standard empfohlen werden kann.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Dippel E, Assaf C, Becker JC et al (2017) S2k guidelines—cutaneous lymphomas update 2016—part 1: classification and diagnosis (ICD10 C82–C86): German guidelines for cutaneous lymphomas. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 15:1266–1273. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddg.13372

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Nicolay JP, Wobser M (2016) Cutaneous B‑cell lymphomas—pathogenesis, diagnostic workup, and therapy. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 14:1207–1224. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddg.13164

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Willemze R, Hodak E, Zinzani PL et al (2018) Primary cutaneous lymphomas: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 29(iv30):iv40. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdy133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Willemze R, Cerroni L, Kempf W et al (2019) The 2018 update of the WHO-EORTC classification for primary cutaneous lymphomas. Blood. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-11-881268

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Senff NJ, Noordijk EM, Kim YH et al (2008) European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and International Society for Cutaneous Lymphoma consensus recommendations for the management of cutaneous B‑cell lymphomas. Blood 112:1600–1609. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-04-152850

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. World Health Organization (2017) WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (revised 4th edn)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Dippel E, Assaf C, Becker JC et al (2018) S2k guidelines—cutaneous lymphomas update 2016—part 2: treatment and follow-up (ICD10 C82–C86): German guidelines for cutaneous lymphomas. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 16:112–122. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddg.13401

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Specht L, Dabaja B, Illidge T et al (2015) Modern radiation therapy for primary cutaneous lymphomas: field and dose guidelines from the International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 92:32–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.01.008

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Christensen L, Cooper K, Honda K, Mansur D (2018) Relapse rates in patients with unilesional primary cutaneous B‑cell lymphoma treated with radiation therapy: a single-institution experience. Br J Dermatol 179:1172–1173. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.16783

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. De Felice F, Grapulin L, Pieroni A et al (2018) Radiation therapy in indolent primary cutaneous B cell lymphoma: a single institute experience. Ann Hematol 97:2411–2416. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-018-3471-x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Eich HT, Eich D, Micke O et al (2003) Long-term efficacy, curative potential, and prognostic factors of radiotherapy in primary cutaneous B‑cell lymphoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 55:899–906

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Gauci M‑L, Quero L, Ram-Wolff C et al (2018) Outcomes of radiation therapy of indolent cutaneous B‑cell lymphomas and literature review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 32:1668–1673. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.14972

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Goyal A, Carter JB, Pashtan I et al (2018) Very low-dose versus standard dose radiation therapy for indolent primary cutaneous B‑cell lymphomas: a retrospective study. J Am Acad Dermatol 78:408–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2017.07.053

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Hoefnagel JJ, Vermeer MH, Jansen PM et al (2005) Primary cutaneous marginal zone B‑cell lymphoma: clinical and therapeutic features in 50 cases. Arch Dermatol 141:1139–1145. https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.141.9.1139

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Kirova YM, Piedbois Y, Le Bourgeois J‑P (1999) Radiotherapy in the management of cutaneous B‑cell lymphoma. Our experience in 25 cases. Radiother Oncol 52:15–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8140(99)00089-4

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Pashtan I, Mauch PM, Chen Y‑H et al (2013) Radiotherapy in the management of localized primary cutaneous B‑cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 54:726–730. https://doi.org/10.3109/10428194.2012.723707

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Senff NJ, Hoefnagel JJ, Neelis KJ et al (2007) Results of radiotherapy in 153 primary cutaneous B‑Cell lymphomas classified according to the WHO-EORTC classification. Arch Dermatol 143:1520–1526. https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.143.12.1520

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Smith BD, Glusac EJ, McNiff JM et al (2004) Primary cutaneous B‑cell Lymphoma treated with radiotherapy: a comparison of the European organization for research and treatment of cancer and the WHO classification systems. J Clin Oncol 22:634–639. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2004.08.044

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Akhtari M, Reddy JP, Pinnix CC et al (2016) Primary cutaneous B‑cell lymphoma (non-leg type) has excellent outcomes even after very low dose radiation as single-modality therapy. Leuk Lymphoma 57:34–38. https://doi.org/10.3109/10428194.2015.1040012

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Hoskin PJ, Kirkwood AA, Popova B et al (2014) 4 Gy versus 24 Gy radiotherapy for patients with indolent lymphoma (FORT): a randomised phase 3 non-inferiority trial. Lancet Oncol 15:457–463. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70036-1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Lowry L, Smith P, Qian W et al (2011) Reduced dose radiotherapy for local control in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a randomised phase III trial. Radiother Oncol 100:86–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2011.05.013

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Neelis KJ, Schimmel EC, Vermeer MH et al (2009) Low-dose palliative radiotherapy for cutaneous B‑ and T‑cell lymphomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 74:154–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1918

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Elsayad K, Reinartz G, Oertel M et al (2019) Radiotherapy of extranodal low-grade follicular and marginal zone lymphomas: long-term follow-up of 159 patients. Strahlenther Onkol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-019-01538-2

    Google Scholar 

  24. Mian M, Marcheselli L, Luminari S et al (2011) CLIPI: a new prognostic index for indolent cutaneous B cell lymphoma proposed by the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group (IELSG 11). Ann Hematol 90:401–408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-010-1083-1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. König L, Stade R, Rieber J et al (2016) Radiotherapy of indolent orbital lymphomas: two radiation concepts. Strahlenther Onkol 192:414–421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-016-0962-3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. König L, Hörner-Rieber J, Bernhardt D et al (2018) Response rates and recurrence patterns after low-dose radiotherapy with 4 Gy in patients with low-grade lymphomas. Strahlenther Onkol 194:454–461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-018-1277-3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Sampogna F, Frontani M, Baliva G et al (2009) Quality of life and psychological distress in patients with cutaneous lymphoma. Br J Dermatol 160:815–822. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08992.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Hamilton SN, Wai ES, Tan K et al (2013) Treatment and outcomes in patients with primary cutaneous B‑cell lymphoma: the BC cancer agency experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 87:719–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.07.019

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Dabaja B (2017) Renaissance of low-dose radiotherapy concepts for cutaneous lymphomas. Oncol Res Treat 40:255–260. https://doi.org/10.1159/000470845

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Muenster, Germany

    Michael Oertel MD, Khaled Elsayad & Hans Theodor Eich

  2. Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Straße 58, 48149, Muenster, Germany

    Carsten Weishaupt & Kerstin Steinbrink

Authors
  1. Michael Oertel MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Khaled Elsayad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Carsten Weishaupt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Kerstin Steinbrink
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hans Theodor Eich
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael Oertel MD.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

M. Oertel, K. Elsayad, C. Weishaupt, K. Steinbrink, and H.T. Eich declare that they have no competing interests.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Oertel, M., Elsayad, K., Weishaupt, C. et al. De-escalated radiotherapy for indolent primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. Strahlenther Onkol 196, 126–131 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-019-01541-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-019-01541-7

Keywords

Schlüsselwörter

Search

Navigation