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Comparison of Different Treatment Approaches for One to Two Brain Metastases in Elderly Patients

Vergleich verschiedener Therapieschemata zur Behandlung von 1–2 Hirnmetastasen bei älteren Patienten

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Background and Purpose:

Elderly patients are often treated differently than younger individuals due to concerns regarding tolerance and survival. This analysis was performed to evaluate whether elderly patients with one to two brain metastases would benefit from relatively aggressive approaches. It compares whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), resection plus WBRT (OP + WBRT), and resection plus WBRT plus boost (OP + WBRT + boost) in elderly patients.

Patients and Methods:

One-hundred-and-sixty-four patients aged ≥ 65 years with one to two brain metastases treated with WBRT (n = 34), SRS (n = 43), OP + WBRT (n = 41), or OP + WBRT + boost (n = 46) were included. The groups were compared retrospectively regarding survival (OS), intracerebral control (IC), and local control of treated metastases (LC). Six additional potential prognostic factors were evaluated: gender, performance status, tumor type, number of brain metastases, extracerebral metastases, and interval from tumor diagnosis to irradiation.

Results:

1-year OS was 17% after WBRT, 40% after SRS, 27% after OP + WBRT, and 61% after OP + WBRT + boost. On multivariate analysis, treatment regimen (RR: 1.67; p = 0.043), no extracerebral metastases (RR: 2.85; p < 0.001), and longer interval from tumor diagnosis to irradiation (RR: 1.78; p = 0.002) were associated with improved OS. 1-year IC was 17%, 55%, 36%, and 79%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, treatment (RR: 2.83; p < 0.001), single brain metastasis (RR: 1.80; p = 0.021), and longer interval (RR: 2.02; p = 0.004) were associated with improved IC. 1-year LC was 19%, 68%, 43%, and 84%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, treatment (RR: 3.31; p < 0.001), single brain metastasis (RR: 1.76; p = 0.047), and longer interval (RR: 1.89; p = 0.015) were associated with improved LC.

Conclusion:

OP + WBRT + boost appeared to provide the best outcomes of the compared treatment regimens in elderly patients with one to two brain metastases. If surgery is not possible, SRS may be considered.

Hintergrund und Ziel:

Ältere Patienten erhalten häufig andere Therapien als jüngere Patienten. Diese Analyse untersuchte, ob ältere Patienten mit 1–2 Hirnmetastasen von aggressiveren Therapien profitieren, und verglich Ganzhirnbestrahlung (WBRT), Radiochirurgie (SRS), Resektion plus WBRT (OP + WBRT) und Resektion plus WBRT plus Boost (OP + WBRT + Boost).

Patienten und Methodik:

Es wurden 164 ältere Patienten (Alter ≥ 65 Jahre) mit 1–2 Hirnmetastasen, die mit WBRT (n = 34), SRS (n = 43), OP + WBRT (n = 41) oder OP + WBRT + Boost (n = 46) behandelt wurden, eingeschlossen (Tabelle 1). Die Behandlungsgruppen wurden retrospektiv hinsichtlich Gesamtüberleben (OS), intrazerebraler Kontrolle (IC) und lokaler Kontrolle der behandelten Metastase(n) verglichen. Sechs weitere potentielle Prognosefaktoren wurden untersucht: Geschlecht, Allgemeinzustand, Primärtumor, Zahl der Hirnmetastasen, Vorliegen extrazerebraler Metastasen und Intervall von der Erstdiagnose der Tumorerkrankung bis zur Strahlentherapie.

Ergebnisse:

Das Gesamtüberleben nach 1 Jahr betrug 17% nach WBRT, 40% nach SRS, 27% nach OP + WBRT und 61% nach OP + WBRT + Boost (Tabelle 2, Abbildung 1). In der Multivarianzanalyse waren Behandlungsregime (RR: 1,67; p = 0,043), keine extrazerebralen Metastasen (RR: 2,85; p < 0,001) und längeres Intervall von Tumordiagnose bis Strahlentherapie (RR: 1,78; p = 0,002) mit besserem OS assoziiert. Die 1-Jahres-IC-Raten betrugen 17%, 55%, 36% und 79% (Tabelle 3, Abbildung 2). In der Multivarianzanalyse waren das Behandlungsregime (RR: 2,83; p < 0,001), Vorliegen einer Metastase (RR: 1,80; p = 0,021) und längeres Intervall (RR: 2,02; p = 0,004) mit besserer IC assoziiert. Die 1-Jahres-LC-Raten betrugen 19%, 68%, 43% und 84% (Tabelle 4, Abbildung 3). In der Multivarianzanalyse waren Behandlungsregime (RR: 3,31; p < 0,001), Vorliegen einer Metastase (RR: 1,76; p = 0,047) und längeres Intervall (RR: 1.89; p = 0.015) mit besserer LC assoziiert.

Schlussfolgerung:

OP + WBRT + Boost scheint von den vier Therapien zu den besten Behandlungsergebnissen bei älteren Patienten mit 1–2 Hirnmetastasen zu führen. Falls eine Resektion nicht möglich ist, sollte die SRS erwogen werden.

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Correspondence to Dirk Rades.

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Rades, D., Pluemer, A., Veninga, T. et al. Comparison of Different Treatment Approaches for One to Two Brain Metastases in Elderly Patients. Strahlenther Onkol 184, 565–571 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-008-1908-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-008-1908-1

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