Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to characterize major dietary patterns (DPs) in three consecutive generations and to delineate DP changes.
Methods
Usual dietary intakes of 547 women from three generations were assessed using a validated dish-based Food Frequency Questionnaire. Factor analysis was performed to identify DPs, participants’ scores for each DP were calculated and changes in DP scores and mean consumption of food groups were evaluated. Using Latent Class Analysis (LCA), participants were ranked according to their scores receiving for each DP.
Results
Three major DPs, defined as Traditional (TDP), Healthy (HDP), and Western (WDP) and the comparison of DP adherence between generations showed that TDP remained stable over time. WDP and HDP scores increased from Generation1 to the recent. Based on LCA, the “multifarious class” was similar in three generations. The “traditional class”, “transitional class”, and “health conscious class” were defined within the oldest, middle-aged, and younger generation, respectively.
Conclusions
The younger women tended to have higher score for both WDP and HDP. This paradox may be as a result of health conscious behaviors parallel the unfavorable inevitable lifestyle changes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Amini M, Esmaillzadeh A, Shafaeizadeh S et al (2010) Relationship between major dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome among individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. Nutrition 26(10):986–992
Atinmo T, Mirmiran P, Oyewole OE et al (2009) Breaking the poverty/malnutrition cycle in Africa and the Middle East. Nutr Rev 67(s1):S40–S46
Barak F, Falahi E, Keshteli AH et al (2015) Adherence to the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet in relation to obesity among Iranian female nurses. Public Health Nutr 18:705–712
Bermudez OI, Tucker KL (2003) Trends in dietary patterns of Latin American populations. Cad Saúd Pública 19:S87–S99
Byers T, Marshall J, Anthony E, Fiedler R, Zielezny M (1987) The reliability of dietary history from the distant past. Am J Epidemiol 125(6):999–1011
Cattell RB (1966) The scree test for the number of factors. Multivar Behav Res 1(2):245–276
Committee IR (2005) Guidelines for data processing and analysis of the international physical activity questionnaire (28)—short and long forms. Retrieved September 17 2008
Cutler GJ, Flood A, Hannan P et al (2009) Major patterns of dietary intake in adolescents and their stability over time. J Nutr 139(2):323–328
Elstgeest LE, Mishra GD, Dobson AJ (2012) Transitions in living arrangements are associated with changes in dietary patterns in young women. J Nutr 142(8):1561–1567
Esmaillzadeh A, Kimiagar M, Mehrabi Y et al (2007) Dietary patterns, insulin resistance, and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in women. Am J Clin Nutr 85(3):910–918
Evans WJ, Cyr-Campbell D (1997) Nutrition, exercise, and healthy aging. J Am Diet Assoc 97(6):632–638
Falkner KL, McCann SE, Trevisan M (2001) Participant characteristics and quality of recall of physical activity in the distant past. Am J Epidemiol 154(9):865–872
Fraser GE, Lindsted KD, Knutsen SF et al (1998) Validity of dietary recall over 20 years among California Seventh-day Adventists. Am J Epidemiol 148(8):810–818
Ghassemi H, Harrison G, Mohammad K (2002) An accelerated nutrition transition in Iran. Public Health Nutr 5(1a):149–155
Golzarand M, Mirmiran P, Jessri M et al (2012) Dietary trends in the Middle East and North Africa: an ecological study (1961 to 2007). Public Health Nutr 15(10):1835–1844
Hannon PA, Bowen DJ, Moinpour CM et al (2003) Correlations in perceived food use between the family food preparer and their spouses and children. Appetite 40(1):77–83
Hawkes C (2006) Uneven dietary development: linking the policies and processes of globalization with the nutrition transition, obesity and diet-related chronic diseases. Global Health 2(1):4
Hu FB (2002) Dietary pattern analysis: a new direction in nutritional epidemiology. Curr Opin Lipidol 13(1):3–9
Kant AK (2004) Dietary patterns and health outcomes. J Am Diet Assoc 104(4):615–635
Keshteli AH, Esmaillzadeh A, Rajaie S et al (2014) A dish-based semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire for assessment of dietary intakes in epidemiologic studies in Iran: design and development. Int J Prev Med 5(1):29
Kim JO, Mueller CW (1978) Factor analysis: statistical methods and practical issues, vol 14. Sage
Kline P (2014) An easy guide to factor analysis. Routledge, London
Lee PH et al (2011) Validity of the international physical activity questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF): a systematic. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 8:115
Mazzocchi M, Brasili C, Sandri E (2008) Trends in dietary patterns and compliance with World Health Organization recommendations: a cross-country analysis. Public Health Nutr 11(05):535–540
Mehio Sibai A, Nasreddine L, Mokdad AH et al (2010) Nutrition transition and cardiovascular disease risk factors in Middle East and North Africa countries: reviewing the evidence. Ann Nutr Metab 57(3–4):193–203
Newby P, Weismayer C, Åkesson A et al (2006) Longitudinal changes in food patterns predict changes in weight and body mass index and the effects are greatest in obese women. J Nutr 136(10):2580–2587
Northstone K, Emmett PM (2008) A comparison of methods to assess changes in dietary patterns from pregnancy to 4 years post-partum obtained using principal components analysis. Br J Nutr 99(05):1099–1106
Popkin BM (1998) The nutrition transition and its health implications in lower-income countries. Public Health Nutr 1(01):5–21
Popkin BM (2001) The nutrition transition and obesity in the developing world. J Nutr 131(3):871S–873S
Popkin BM (2002) The shift in stages of the nutrition transition in the developing world differs from past experiences! Public Health Nutr 5(1A):205–214
Popkin BM, Duffey K, Gordon-Larsen P (2005) Environmental influences on food choice, physical activity and energy balance. Physiol Behav 86(5):603–613
Reddy KS (2002) Cardiovascular diseases in the developing countries: dimensions, determinants, dynamics and directions for public health action. Public Health Nutr 5(1a):231–237
Scaglioni S, Salvioni M, Galimberti C (2008) Influence of parental attitudes in the development of children eating behaviour. Br J Nutr 99(S1):S22–S25
Schmidhuber J, Traill WB (2006) The changing structure of diets in the European Union in relation to healthy eating guidelines. Public Health Nutr 9(05):584–595
Tessier S, Gerber M (2005) Factors determining the nutrition transition in two Mediterranean islands: Sardinia and Malta. Public Health Nutr 8(08):1286–1292
Tsakiraki M, Grammatikopoulou MG, Stylianou C et al (2011) Nutrition transition and health status of Cretan women: evidence from two generations. Public Health Nutr 14(05):793–800
Unit HN (2003) Commodities consumed in Italy, Greece and other Mediterranean countries compared with Australia in 1960s and 1990s. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 12(1):23–29
Weismayer C, Anderson JG, Wolk A (2006) Changes in the stability of dietary patterns in a study of middle-aged Swedish women. J Nutr 136(6):1582–1587
Willett W (2013) Nutritional epidemiology. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Acknowledgments
Our grateful thanks go to all of the participants; Ranginkamane Sepid Institute for their kind assistance; and the State Welfare Organization for their cooperation.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Noori, M.A., Ghiasvand, R., Maghsoudi, Z. et al. Evaluation of dietary pattern stability and physical activity in three consecutive generations of women. Int J Public Health 61, 29–38 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-015-0746-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-015-0746-z