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Response of vascular mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells to hyperlipidemia

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Abstract

Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for atherosclerosis that is characterized by lipid accumulation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and smooth muscle cell proliferation. It is well known that hyperlipidemia is a stimulator for endothelial dysfunction and smooth muscle cell migration during vascular disease development. Recently, it was found that vessel wall contains a variable number of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that are quiescent in physiological conditions, but can be activated by a variety of stimuli, e.g., increased lipid level or hyperlipidemia. Vascular MSCs displayed characteristics of stem cells which can differentiate into several types of cells, e.g., smooth muscle cells, adipocytic, chondrocytic, and osteocytic lineages. In vitro, lipid loading can induce MSC migration and chemokines secretion. After MSC migration into the intima, they play an essential role in inflammatory response and cell accumulation during the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. In addition, MSC transplantation has been explored as a therapeutic approach to treat atherosclerosis in animal models. In this review, we aim to summarize current progress in characterizing the identity of vascular MSCs and to discuss the mechanisms involved in the response of vascular stem/progenitor cells to lipid loading, as well as to explore therapeutic strategies for vascular diseases and shed new light on regenerative medicine.

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Funding

This work was supported by British Heart Foundation (RG/14/6/31144) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (91639302, 91339102, and 91539103).

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  1. Ting Chen and Yutao Wu have contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China

    Ting Chen, Yutao Wu & Qingbo Xu

  2. School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK

    Wenduo Gu & Qingbo Xu

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  1. Ting Chen
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  2. Yutao Wu
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  3. Wenduo Gu
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  4. Qingbo Xu
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Correspondence to Qingbo Xu.

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Chen, T., Wu, Y., Gu, W. et al. Response of vascular mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells to hyperlipidemia. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 75, 4079–4091 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-018-2859-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-018-2859-z

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