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Tumor-associated macrophages and anti-tumor therapies: complex links

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Abstract

Myeloid cells infiltrating the tumor microenvironment, especially tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), are essential providers of cancer-related inflammation, a condition known to accelerate tumor progression and limit the response to anti-tumor therapies. As a matter of fact, TAMs may have a dual role while interfering with cancer treatments, as they can either promote or impair their functionality. Here we review the connection between macrophages and anticancer therapies; moreover, we provide an overview of the different strategies to target or re-program TAMs for therapeutic purposes.

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Abbreviations

TAMs:

Tumor-associated macrophages

MPS:

Mononuclear phagocyte system

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factor

PlGF:

Placental growth factor

Bv8:

Prokineticin

ICD:

Immunogenic cell death

DAMPs:

Damage-associated molecular patterns

MDSC:

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells

CSC:

Cancer stem cells

MFG-E8:

Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor-8

GIST:

Gastrointestinal stroma tumors

ABL1:

V-abl Abelson murine leukemia

TEM:

Tie2-expressing monocytes

IGF1:

Insulin growth factor 1

HER-2:

Epidermal growth factor receptor-2

ADCC/ADCP:

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity/phagocytosis

GM-CSF:

Granulocyte–macrophage colony stimulating factor

CTLA-4:

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4

PD1:

Programmed death protein 1

HCC:

Hepatocellular carcinoma

CA-4-P:

Combrestatin-A4-phosphate

ANG2:

Angiopoietin 2

RECIST:

Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors

NPs:

Nanoparticle system

EPR:

Enhanced permeability and retention

MC-TG:

Polymeric micelles loaded with 6 thioguanine

OVA:

Ovalbumin

CDP-NPS:

Cyclodextrin-based polymer nanoparticles

MIF:

Migration inhibitory factor

NO:

Nitric oxide

PTHrP:

Parathyroid hormone-related protein

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy

    Cristina Belgiovine & Paola Allavena

  2. Department of Oncology, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy

    Maurizio D’Incalci & Roberta Frapolli

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  1. Cristina Belgiovine
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Belgiovine, C., D’Incalci, M., Allavena, P. et al. Tumor-associated macrophages and anti-tumor therapies: complex links. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 73, 2411–2424 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-016-2166-5

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